AP Psych Unit 1 (1.3) Part Three: Endocrine System

Endocrine System

A system of glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones into your bloodstream. The hormones travel to target organs to regulate body functions.

Hormones “Chemical Messengers”

Because they are released into the bloodstream, they are slow to take effect than neurotransmitters, but longer lasting. Some are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Pituitary Gland “Master Gland”

Pea-sized structure located in the core of the brain, controlled by the hypothalamus (also part of the Endocrine System).

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Lower neck, secretes a hormone called thyroxin that regulates metabolism, growth, blood calcium levels and appetite.

Pineal Gland

Near back of brain, tracks day/night light cycle to secrete sleep hormone called melatonin.

Melatonin

Regulates slesp and body rhythms.

Adrenal Glands

Two glands on top of each kidney involved in stress response.

Gonads (Reproductive Glands)

Including the ovaries in the female and the testis in the male. Regulates hormones: Estrogen in women and testosterone in men.

Oxytocin

Powerful hormone, regulates social interaction, bonding and reproduction “love hormone.”

The Stress Hormones: Epinephrine “Adrenaline”

Hormone produced in high stress “fight or flight” situations, gives a physical boost and heightened awareness.

The Stress Hormones: Cortisol

Body’s hormonal mechanism to cope with long-term stress, released to regulate your blood-sugar levels, motivation and fear long-term.

The Stress Hormones: Thymus

Releases hormone Thymosin which regulates production of the immune system’s response to possible disease and infection.

The Stress Hormones: Pancreas

Releases insulin and glucagon which regulate the level of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood.