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Vocabulary flashcards covering chromosome structure, somatic vs sex chromosomes, and sex determination concepts from Page 1 notes.
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Chromosome
A structure that contains genes; humans have 46 in each somatic cell (23 pairs).
Somatic (autosome) chromosomes
The 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes in humans.
Sex chromosomes
The 23rd chromosome pair that determines sex; males are XY and females are XX.
XX
Female sex chromosomes (two X chromosomes).
XY
Male sex chromosomes (one X and one Y).
Genes
The factors of heredity contained on chromosomes.
Heredity
The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.
Sex determination
The mechanism by which the sex of offspring is determined; in humans, the father's sex chromosome (X or Y) determines sex.