unit 2 / sociology test

legitimate

Power that is accepted voluntarily is ________ power.

the acceptance of and belief in authority.

Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on what?

the perspective of their group.

According to Dorothy Smith's "standpoint theory," people view society and power from what?

the economy

Within what framework did Karl Marx place his examination of class?

Patricia Hill Collins: intersectionality theory

Wealthy women CEOs enjoy the privileges of their class and status, but at the same time have to contend with the lower status that women are assigned in the male-dominated business environment. Which theory of power best addresses this contradiction?

multidimensional oppression.

Patricia Hill Collins's concept of a matrix of domination is best described as what?

Max Weber

Who defined power as the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others?

Talcott Parsons

Some societies are powerful because they have access to resources and knowledge that enables them to accomplish goals. This approach to power is attributed to which theorist?

networking

When organizations form coalitions in order to pool their resources, they are participating in

domination

Persuasion is a strategy typical of which approach to power?

legitimate power

Employees' respect for their boss's position and authority is an example of what kind of power?

collaboration and friendship

Soft power tactics focus on what?

hard

U.S. Bank is threatening to foreclose on the Johnson family's home due to the number of mortgage payments they have made. What type of tactic is the bank utilizing?

cultural

Television shows and movies disproportionately portray the wealthy in a positive light, often as glamorous, able, and good. In contrast, negative characters are often portrayed as poor, criminal, and morally deficient. This is an example of what type of power the media exert over their audience?

cultural power

Which type of power is based on the ability to define social reality?

an identity and self-worth.

Deviant subcultures provide their members with what?

conventional opportunities are blocked

Strain theory proposes that when ________, people resort to deviant means to accomplish socially defined goals.

rooted in norms that define fat bodies as deviant

The negative attitudes held by people in the United States toward obese individuals is what?

normalization

A cultural shift in which a formerly deviant behavior is reclassified as acceptable is referred to as what?

some groups have the power to define deviance.

Power is an important factor to consider in the understanding of deviance because of what?

White-collar perpetrators have high status and power.

Why is white-collar crime rarely prosecuted, and why do its perpetrators typically go unpunished?

behavior that does not conform to norms and expectations

Deviance is best defined as which of the following?

offends social norms

According to Emile Durkheim's definition, an act is deviant or criminal because it ________.

it is publicly labeled as deviant

A behavior comes to be defined as deviant because ____________.

symbolic interactionist

Labeling theory is associated with which of the following sociological perspectives?

master status.

An ex-convict has a difficult time finding employment because his criminal record has become his _________.

Deviance unites people against a common enemy.

How does deviance contribute to group solidarity?

moral failure

The prevailing explanation of alcoholism is now that of an illness. In the past, what was the main perspective on the causes of alcoholism?

improvement in diagnostic ability

Which is NOT a factor driving the medicalization of deviance?

the current definition of homosexuality

The medicalization of deviance can also be reversed. Which of the following is an example of demedicalization?

cultural capital

Which of the following terms best identifies the following types of information we learn: table manners, etiquette in social situations, and rules concerning gift giving?

public assistance

Financial assistance from the government to citizens in the form of tax credits or monetary payments is called

developed

What type of country would be characterized by high standards of living and high-purchasing power?

culture and power

What are the two major social sources of global inequality?

Inequality is caused by the exploitation of poor nations.

Which of the following best defines dependency theory?

world systems analysis

Geoff tells you that we cannot understand American culture without understanding the relationship that America has with the global economy. He argues that the ability to connect with other nations in the world allows Americans to have access to all sorts of products, and that would be impossible without a global economy. Which analytical framework is Geoff explaining?

the late 1800s and early 1900s

When, historically, did the sociological analysis of class and inequality begin?

capitalist class

What is the best match to Karl Marx's term "bourgeoisie"?

the working class

Karl Marx described what group as the "proletariat"?

petite bourgeoisie

What term would Karl Marx use to describe someone who owned a small pet grooming shop?

homes and stocks

Which of the following represents wealth?

middle class

Which social class is identified by its contribution of specialized knowledge to the economy?

chronic unemployment

Which of the following is a main characteristic of the underclass?

individual mobility

What term refers to a person's change in class position without an overall change in society's class structure?

conspicuous consumption.

Excessive spending, often done with the intention of showing off or impressing others, is what Thorstein Veblen termed