Socialization and Self-Development (UCSP Grade 11)

Flashcards covering key concepts from the notes on socialization, agents of socialization, and theories of self-development.

What is socialization?

A lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills necessary to function effectively within their society.

What are the five components under teacher-student relationships as key agents of socialization?

Attachment, Modeling, Reinforcement, Consistency, and Emotional Responsiveness.

What are Parsons' four institutions of socialization?

Economic Institutions, Political Institutions, Legal Institutions, and Cultural Practices and Institutions.

What is the role of socialization in Parsons’ theory?

It helps society survive and maintain social order by ensuring individuals fulfill expected roles.

Preparatory Stage

Infancy to about 2 years; the primary learning stage where the child imitates words and actions.

Play Stage

Ages 3–7; the child begins to understand interactions and participates in role-playing to learn social roles.

Game Stage

Final stage where individuals participate in organized, rule-based games, leading to a fully developed social self.

Freud’s three components of personality

Id (primal impulses, pleasure principle); Ego (reality principle, mediator); Superego (morality principle, internalized norms).

Mead's I and Me

Me is the internalized view of others; I is the spontaneous, creative response to Me.

Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self

Self-concept that develops from imagining how others perceive us.

Three steps in forming the Looking-Glass Self

Imagine how others see us; imagine what others think or feel when they see us; judge how we feel about their judgments.

Attachment (in teacher-student relationships)

Emotional bond; secure, valued students engage more and take risks in learning.

Modeling (in teacher-student relationships)

Teachers as role models; students imitate respectful, fair, patient behavior.

Reinforcement (in teacher-student relationships)

Use of positive and negative reinforcement to establish norms like turn-taking, honesty, punctuality.

Consistency (in teacher-student relationships)

Consistent application of rules and expectations; creates a stable learning environment.

Emotional Responsiveness (in teacher-student relationships)

How well teachers respond to students’ emotions with empathy, support, and understanding.

Family as an agent of socialization

Basic unit; primary source of information and expectations of proper behavior.

Peer Groups as an agent of socialization

Groups of same age or interests; influence behavior and development of character.

School as an agent of socialization

Provides information across subjects; exposes students to ideas beyond home; builds values through tasks and projects.

Religion as an agent of socialization

Values formation and belief systems; socialization through mass attendance and worship.

Government as an agent of socialization

Influences socialization through laws and programs while citizens can influence government.

Mass Media & Social Media as agents of socialization

Content from TV, internet, and social networks shapes views; requires critical-mindedness.

Can an agent have both positive and negative effects?

Yes; the effects depend on context and how content is presented and interpreted.

What is Parsons’ view of the institutions' role in socialization?

Each institution contributes to basic needs and helps individuals fulfill expected roles, promoting social order.

Which major theories of self-development and socialization are discussed in this unit?

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory; Mead's Theory of the Self; Cooley's Looking-Glass Self.

What are the stages of self-development and their significance?

Preparatory Stage, Play Stage, Game Stage; each stage contributes to the development of the self and social behavior.

What is the Fully Social Self?

The integrated self that emerges in the Game Stage, with awareness of social roles and norms.

Who proposed the Looking-Glass Self?

Charles Horton Cooley.

What does the I represent in Mead's theory?

The instinctive, spontaneous part of the self reacting to the Me.

What does the Me represent in Mead's theory?

The organized set of attitudes and viewpoints learned from others; the social self.

What are the Parsons four institutions collectively known as in this unit?

Economic, Political, Legal, and Cultural institutions.

Why is it important to understand the stages of self-development?

They explain how identity forms and influences daily behavior and interactions.