Social Studdies test

Bering Land Bridge-

A strip of land connecting Alaska with Russia that emerged from underwater around 38,000 BC

Paleo-Indians 

The first americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38,000 BC  and 10,000 Bc

migration

The movement of people from one region to another

hunter-gatherers-

People who hunt animals and gather wild plants to provide for their needs. 

environments-

The climates and landscapes that surround living things

culture

The common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships.

pueblos- 

Above ground houses made out of a hard clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the Southwestern United states

kivas-

Underground ceremonial chambers in the center of the anasazi communities

totems-

images of ancestors of animal spirits; often carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest 

matrilineal-

  related to ancestry traced through the maternal, or mother’s line

Iroquois League-

a political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace 

1. What was the Ice Age?

1. An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. 

1. Why were early peoples able to use the Bering Land Bridge?

1. the Bering Strait (the body of water currently between Asia and Alaska) was dry land, allowing people to migrate across it

1. Why did the migration of early peoples in the Americas flow north to south? 

1. The migration of early peoples in the americas flow north to south because they followed the herds of animals, such as mammoths 

1. What was the earliest civilization in the Americas, and where was it located?

1. The earliest civilization of the americas were the Paleo Indians, they traveled south from the bering bridge, south into canada, the united states and mexico. They went as far the southermost part of south america

1. Why did the Anasazi build kivas?

1. The anazis built Kivas for religous temples.

1. What different types of housing were built by the Anasazi?

1. The different types of housing built by the Anazis included  pit houses dug from the ground, pueblos made of adobe, multistoried complexes, homes into cliffs with ladders (cliff dwellings) and homes in canyon walls. 

1. Why were some mounds built in the shapes of birds and snakes? 

1. Some mounds were built in the shapes of birds and snakes because it had cultural significance to the native Americans

1. What are culture areas?

1. Culture areas are places that have tribes that share the same characteristics

1. How did food sources for Native Americans of the North and Northwest differ from those living in the West and Southwest?

1. The Native Americans of the north and northwest are different than the Native Americans living in the west and south west because in the north and northwest they hunted large animal, fished, ate wild plants. However, in the southwest and west they hunted, farmed, gathered plants, and trapped small animals.

1. About how many languages were spoken in North America at the time of European contact?

1. More than 300

1. What role did language have in the various regions of North America?

1. In the various regions of north america anguage played a very signifigant role in the cultural diversity of these regions. This is because language was what was made each region unique, and what differenciated them.

1. How did Native Americans view land ownership? 

1. They did not believe that land could be bought, sold, or owned by individuals. Rather, land was held for the use of everyone in a group to hunt, fish, or gather and grow food as needed. Many believed that they should preserve the land and its resources for future generations

1. What role did nature play in the religious ideas of Native Americans?

1. They believed that spirits dwell in nature and that these spirits were part of their daily lives. Traditions reflected these beliefs.

1. Why did women hold positions of power and influence in many Native American groups?

1. because women's activities were central to the community's welfare, they also held important political, social, and economic power. In many North American societies, clan membership and material goods descended through women.

Kwakiutl location

Subarctic

Kwakiutl Key fact

While they followed the seasonal migrations of deer, these peoples lived in shelters made of animal skins. At other times, they lived in villages made up of log houses.

Inuit Location

Northern canada and Alaska today.

Inuit Key Fact

Their homes were igloos, hide tents, and huts.

Pueblo location

The Southwest culture region included the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Texas.

Pueblo Key fact

The Pueblo irrigated the land and grew maize, squash, and beans. These crops were vital to southwestern peoples.

Sioux location

Great plains

Sioux Key fact

Sioux gathered wild rice and speared fish

1. How did the first arrival of European settlers at Plymouth in 1616 impact the Wampanoag tribe?  

1. The arrival of European settlers in Plymouth in 1616 had a significant impact on the Wampanoag tribe. The tribe faces challenges such as diseases, displacement, and conflict with the settlers. It changed their way of life and had lasting effects on their culture and land. It was a very challenging time for