NPTE Pathologies Definitions

Rotator cuff tear

A tear in the muscles or tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint.

Erb's Palsy

Paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper brachial plexus.

Supraspinatus tendinitis

Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon often due to impingement.

Suprascapular Nerve Palsy

Compression of the suprascapular nerve leading to shoulder weakness and pain.

Axillary Nerve Palsy

Loss of function or sensation in the shoulder due to axillary nerve damage.

Anterior Shoulder Dislocation

Displacement of the humerus out of the glenoid cavity in an anterior direction.

Multidirectional Instability

General laxity of the shoulder capsule resulting in instability in multiple planes.

Down Syndrome

A genetic condition often associated with joint hypermobility and atlantoaxial instability.

Radial head fracture

A break in the proximal radius near the elbow joint.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the radial nerve in the forearm causing pain and tenderness.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the median nerve at the wrist.

Colles Fracture

A distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the wrist.

Sciatic neural tension

Irritation or stretching of the sciatic nerve causing radiating leg pain.

Hamstring Strain

A pull or tear of the muscles at the posterior thigh.

Avascular Necrosis

Death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.

Shin Splints

Pain along the inner edge of the tibia due to repetitive stress.

Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy

Damage to the peroneal nerve causing foot drop and sensory loss.

Meniscal Tear

A rupture of the fibrocartilage in the knee.

TMJ Disc Displacement: Abnormal positioning of the articular disc in the jaw joint.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Compression of the posterior tibial nerve at the medial ankle.

Plantar Fasciitis

Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot.

Deep vein thrombosis

A blood clot located within a deep vein.

Achilles Tendinopathy

Irritation or degeneration of the Achilles tendon.

Morton's Neuroma

Thickening of the nerve tissue between the metatarsal heads.

March Fracture

A stress fracture of the metatarsal bone.

Anterior Talofibular ligament Sprain

A common lateral ankle sprain involving the ATFL.

Equinovarus

A congenital deformity (clubfoot) where the foot is turned inward and downward.

Turf Toe

A hyperextension injury of the great toe.

Gamekeeper's Thumb

An injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb.

Pes Planus

A condition where the arches of the foot collapse (flat feet).

Cervical Radiculopathy

Compression of a nerve root in the cervical spine.

Cervical Facet Compression Syndrome

Pain caused by increased pressure on the small joints of the neck.

Atlantoaxial instability

Excessive movement between the C1 and C2 vertebrae.

Suboccipital nerve irritation

Compression of nerves at the base of the skull.

Cervicogenic headaches

Referred pain in the head originating from the cervical spine.

Thoracic compression fracture

A collapse of a vertebra in the mid-back often due to osteoporosis.

T4 syndrome

A clinical pattern involving upper thoracic dysfunction and glove-like hand paresthesia.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Compression of nerves or blood vessels in the upper chest area.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Shingles

A viral infection causing a painful rash

Costochondritis

Inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum.

Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of the spinal canal putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Neurogenic Claudication

Leg pain or weakness caused by spinal stenosis during activity.

Spondylosis

Degenerative changes in the spine such as osteoarthritis.

Rhabdomyolysis

A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a damaging protein into the blood.

Ankylosing spondylitis

A chronic inflammatory arthritis leading to spinal fusion.

Adhesive Capsulitis

Stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint (frozen shoulder).

SIJ dysfunction

Pain in the sacroiliac joint causing lower back or hip discomfort.

Endometriosis

A condition where uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons.

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Compression of the bundle of nerve roots at the lower end of the spinal cord.

Anterior Interosseous Syndrome

Compression of a branch of the median nerve causing motor loss in the thumb and index finger.

Ataxic Gait

An unsteady uncoordinated walking pattern

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A life-threatening emergency in spinal cord injuries causing sudden high blood pressure.

Bell's palsy

Sudden temporary weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles.

Guillain Barre Syndrome

An autoimmune attack on the peripheral nervous system.

Brown Sequard SCI

A spinal cord injury causing weakness on one side and loss of sensation on the other.

Cervical Myelopathy

Compression of the spinal cord in the neck region.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration.

Meralgia Paresthetica

Numbness or pain in the outer thigh due to nerve compression.

Parkinson's Disease

A progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement and balance.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve in the face.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

A form of chronic pain that usually affects a limb after injury.

Cor Pulmonale

Right-sided heart failure caused by high blood pressure in the lungs.

Hypovolemic Shock

A life-threatening condition resulting from significant blood or fluid loss.

Pulmonary Embolism

A blood clot that travels to and blocks an artery in the lung.

Intermittent Claudication

Cramping leg pain during exercise caused by poor arterial circulation.