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sound bite

a short phrase said publicly, esp. by a politician, to be broadcast

Example: He had no right to meddle in her affairs.

He's just a meddling old fool!

meddle (in/with sth)

(disapproving)

involve urself in sth that should not really involve you (tryna change / influence sth); can thiệp

Example: We need to _______ the problem before we can understand its origin. (CONTEXT)

CONTEXTUALIZE

consider sth in relation to its context

/ˌæpəˈləʊdʒiə/

Example: The secretary of state for Northern Ireland appeared on television to read a special _______ for detention without trial. (APOLOGIZE)

His book was seen as an apologia for the war.

apologia (for sth)

a formal written defence of one's actions / opinions

MONETIZATION

the act / process of monetizing sth, esp a business or an asset

/ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

Example: Ordinary working people have been priced out of East London by gentrification.

Climate gentrification (the process where climate change impacts, drive up property values and rents in more resilient areas)

gentrification

​the process of improving an area so that it attracts ppl of a higher social class than before

Example: Her books are full of perceptive insights into the human condition.

a highly perceptive comment

It was very perceptive of you to notice that.

perceptive

adept at noticing and understanding things that many ppl do not notice

/ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/

Example: a very palatable wine

The meal was barely palatable.

I'm afraid the members won't find all these changes very palatable.

palatable

- food or drink has a pleasant taste

acceptable

/əˈpɔːlɪŋ/

Example: It was one of the most appalling atrocities of the war.

PM calls for Isarel to end the appalling situation in Gaza.

appalling

extremely bad, esp from a moral point of view

Example: She is about to embark on a diplomatic career.

Remember these basic rules before embarking upon major home improvements.

embark on/upon sth

start to do sth new / difficult

syndicate

~ a consortium (together - help => a ptc aim)

/ʌnˈsʌl.id/

Example: his unsullied reputation

Unsullied by readers' hands

unsullied

not damaged / made dirty by anything

/ˈdelɪkətli/

delicately

​carefully and using a lot of detail

​with sensitive treatment - x hurt anyone's feelings

Example: They accused the prime minister of using sledgehammer tactics. (approach to a problem or situation)

sledgehammer

describe a way of behaving - too forceful

búa tạ

/ˌriːˈvaɪtəlaɪz/

Example: measures to revitalize the inner cities

The local economy has been revitalized.

Gentle massage will revitalize your skin.

Chocolate was labelled as an aphrodiasiac owing to its revitalizing effect on female consumers.

​revitalize sth

make sth stronger, more active / healthy

Example: Do you ever feel that life is passing you by?

Experts have been trained to recognise and name subtle nuances that pass the average person by.

pass sb by

do not notice sth or get any pleasure / advantage from it

Example: As graduates and non-graduates get older, the wage differential widens.

wage/earnings/pay etc differential

a difference in pay between different groups of ppl / for different jobs

Example: They live in abject poverty.

This policy has turned out to be an abject failure.

The news of her death plunged them into abject misery.

abject misery, poverty, failure, etc.

S: extreme

the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc.

Example: Today Eritrea has a despotic government and its people are mired in abject poverty.

be/become mired (down) in sth

be involved in a difficult situation, esp for a long period of time

Example: shape the flow of news as people like or retweet the facts and opinions they want to share. That's meant an explosion of content, a tidal wave of information, much of it false, furious and fractious.

~ peevish (easily annoyed) /ˈpiː.vɪʃ/

fractious

​easily annoyed, often by unimportant things (often complaining)

hay cau có, phát khùng

Example: I was very unselective; I just watched everything I could find.

Technology provided by tech giants unwittingly results in unselective and unchecked information.

unselective

not intentionally choosing some things instead of others

(school/uni etc) => students can go to without passing an examination

Example: You can take it as a given that there will be champagne at the wedding.

Change is a given

take sth as a given

sth certain to happen

/iˌɡælɪˈteəriən/

egalitarian (adj/n)

​a person who believes that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities

Example: My parents had a very contentious divorce, so the tense relationship between my husband and his ex-wife is pretty close to home for me.

My patient's lung cancer diagnosis is close to home for me because my uncle recently died of the same thing.Because I was bullied as a kid, I teared up when my son told me that he gets teased at school—it's just so close to home.

close to home

affecting one deeply and emotionally cuz one can strongly relate to it.

/ˈdrʌdʒəri/ drug(d)

Example: domestic drudgery

drudgery

[uncountable] ​hard boring work

/ˈɡrændʒə(r)/

Example: We admired the grandeur and simplicity of the Roman architecture.

The hotel had an air of faded grandeur.

He has a sense of grandeur about him.

She is clearly suffering from delusions of grandeur (= thinks she is more important than she really is).

grandeur

the quality of being great and impressive in appearance

​the importance / social status sb has or thinks they have

/ˌæspəˈreɪʃənl/

​an aspirational goal / target

ambitious and may be more than you can achieve => give u impetus.

Example: an offensive war

offensive action

He was charged with carrying an offensive weapon.

offensive

connected with the act of attacking sb/sth

/ɪmˈpreɡnəbl/

Example: The team built up an impregnable 5-1 lead.

the seemingly impregnable Nazi regime

impregnable

(building) so strong that it cannot be entered by force

​strong and impossible to defeat / change

Example: We were ready to launch the app next week, but the new regulations threw a spanner in the works.

Everything was going fine until Jake threw a monkey wrench in the works by quitting last minute.

put/throw a spanner in the works

Ném một cái cờ-lê vào bộ máy đang chạy.

throw a (monkey) wrench in the works

"monkey wrench" - một loại mỏ lết lớn

do sth that precludes a plan / activity from succeeding

Example: Locals are lobbying to have the river dredged every three years.

Thai farmers are lobbying the government not to give in.

lobby (sb) (for/against sth)

tryna influence / persuade a politician / the gov to do sth

Example: If we have an important decision to make, we sometimes spend a whole day thrashing it out in a meeting.

thrash sth out

discuss a problem in detail until you reach an agreement / find a solution

Example: A few stunted trees were the only vegetation visible.

children with stunted growth

Why has Europe remained so stunted (few skyscrappers)?

stunted

prevented from growing / developing to the usual size

Example: They have an almost fatalistic belief that ordinary people can't change anything.

The belief that characteristics are mostly genetic may encourage a fatalistic attitude toward health and disease.

fatalistic

believing that ppl cannot preclude / influence events, esp bad ones.

Example:

He always comes back from France laden with presents for everyone.

The table, as always, was laden with food.

laden

carrying or holding a lot of sth

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