Biology Topic 10 (Molecular Biology of the Gene)

“A” always pairs with…

“T”

“G” always pairs with…

“c”

The key to know how DNA works is in its…

structure

What shape is a DNA molecule?

double helix

DNA sub unit:

nucleotide

The 4 types of DNA sub units are:

ATGC

How is DNA different from RNA?

1) DNA has thymine, double strand, sugar=deoxyribose

2) RNA has uracil, single strand, sugar=ribose

The two strands of DNA in a molecule are called :

“complementary”

The process of DNA copying itself:

DNA replication

Making RNA based on DNA is called:

transcription

Transcription happens in the:

nucleus

mRNA

RNA leaves the nucleus, carrying the information

tRNA

“transfer RNA”-decoder that reads RNA, each RNA has an anti codon that matches the right codon for its amino acid

Translation

Ribosomes attatch to mRNA to make proteins

This is called translation, happens in the cytoplasm

Codon

3-letter words of the mRNA that tells which amino acid to add next

What molecule contains the information your body needs to make proteins?

DNA

What molecule carries info out to cytoplasm

RNA

Building blocks of protein are called:

amino acids

How does a ribosome choose which amino acid to add next as it builds protein?

The right anti codon will match with a codon

Transcription

DNA → RNA

Translation

RNA →Protein

What do enzymes do in DNA replication

1) regulate and carry out DNA replication

2) unwind and separate the two DNA strands

3) add new nucleotides