BU1 Module 1: CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, & DEFINITIONS

Plumbing

- art and science of creating and maintaining sanitary conditions

- installing, repairing, and servicing the pipes, fixtures, and appurtenances necessary

- brings in water supply and removes liquid and water-borne wastes

plumbum

The term plumbing is a derivative of the Latin word ______ which refers to the common metallic element LEAD

- a soft material widely used for piping and water channels, especially during the ROMAN EMPIRE, and later replaced with CAST IRON in the 19th century.

plumbarius

In Roman times, a person who worked in the field of sanitation was called a _____________-

copper pipe, Indus Valley

The oldest artifact to have been unearthed was a _________ used in a water system in the ruins of an ancient palace in ____________ estimated to be 5,500 yearsold.

Egyptians

Around 2,500 B.C., the ___________ used copper pipes in their irrigation and sewage systems.

Babylon

In ancient ________, the skillfully planned network of CANALS served as evidence that they had a knowledge of the science of HYDRAULICS

Crete

The habitants of ________ constructed freshwater CISTERNS, which collected water for their everyday needs.

Roman Empire

Massive developments in plumbing were incorporated into the infrastructure of the ___________ (500 BC - 455 AD).

Baths of Diocletian

- accommodates 3,200 bathers at a single time, with separate hot, cold, and tepid baths.

- Each bath was lined with CERAMIC TILES, which helped in retaining the temperature of the water.

latrines

Roman bathhouses were also constructed with large public _________, sometimes with marble seats

TIMELINE

AD 476: Roman Empire Fall

Middle Ages: Disposes Waste on the streets

1500: water closet

MID-1800s: Septic tanks

1860's: modern sewerage system (London)

water seal trap

"Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with __________."

plumbing system

The ___________ _________ of a building includes the:

- water supply distributing pipes

- fixtures and fixture traps

- soil and waste pipes

- vent pipes

- building drain and building sewer

- storm drainage pipes;

- with their devices, appurtenances, and connections within the building and outside the building within the property line.

Soil Pipes

transport the soiled water (blackwater) from your toilet, urinal, or bidet

Waste Pipes

transport the wastewater (greywater) from your sinks, shower, bath, washing machine, or dishwasher

vent pipes

Inverted J-shaped tubes that regulate the air pressure within your home's plumbing system

Water Supply and Distribution System

A system that PROVIDES AND DISTRIBUTES WATER to the different parts of the building, for purposes such as drinking, cleaning, washing, etc.;

- it includes the water distributing pipes, control devices, equipment, and other appurtenances.

- This system could either be COLD WATER or HOT WATER SYSTEM

Drainage Systems

- All the piping within public/private premises which conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid wastes to a point of disposal.

- This system does not include the mains of public sewer systems or sewage treatment/disposal plant

sanitary drainage and vent piping system

A system installed to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and appliances, and to provide air circulation within the drainage piping

Storm Drainage System

A system of pipes, fittings, devices, and appurtenances for removing stormwater -rainwater, surface runoff, and underground seepage resulting from precipitation.

Pipes

These are cylindrical conduits or conductors, the wallthickness is sufficient to receive a standard pipe, usedto convey water or liquid wastes, e.g. cast iron pipe,galvanized iron pipe, plastic pipe, copper pipe, etc

Fittings

These are standardized pre-fabricated componentsused to connect sections of pipes, equipment, fixtures,trims, etc. Fittings may be categorized as: water linefittings or drainage fittings. Examples of fittings are:elbow, coupling, tee, street tee, sanitary tee, bend,union, cap, plug, etc

Fixture

A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other thana trap in which water or wastes may be collected orobtained for ultimate into the plumbing system, e.g.water closet, lavatory, sink, urinal, floor drain, etc

Plumbing Fixture Trim

Water supply and drainage fitting installed on fixtures designed to control the flow of water into the fixture or area and the flow of wastewater from the fixture to the drainage system, e.g. lavatory fixture trim, bathtub fixture trim, and fittings

Plumbing Appurtenance

A prefabricated assembly of component parts or manufactured device or an on-the-job assembly of component parts that are adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures and that which does not require additional water nor additional discharge load to a fixture or to the drainage system, e.g. cleanout, airchamber, pressure regulator, vacuum breaker, etc

Plumbing Equipment

An assembly consisting of mechanical or electrical components designed and manufactured to perform specific purposes such as conveying water, pressuring water system, heating, etc.

Plumbing Appliance

A special class of plumbing fixture intended toperform a special function, e.g. washing machine,dishwasher, clothes dryer, water dispenser (cold andcold), etc.

Plumbing Accessories

Devices that may be added in a plumbing facility or toilet that adds convenience, comfort, aesthetic or any other useful purpose to the user such as soap holder, toilet paper holder, towel bar, towel ring, mirror, shower curtain rod, etc.

Valve

A device used to control, regulate, divert the flow, pressure, heat of liquid, fluid or gas or in a plumbing system, e.g. gate valve, globe valve, check valve, pressure relief valve, temperature and pressure relief valve, float valve, etc.

Plumbing Trap

A fitting or device designed and constructed toprovide, when properly vented, a liquid seal whichprevents backflow and passage of foul air and gaseswithout materially affecting the flow of sewage orwastewater through it

Water Supply and Distribution System

1. Water main

2. Water service pipe

3. Building supply pipe

4. Riser or Upfeed pipe

5. Downfeed pipe

6. Branch or Lateral

7. Fixture branch8. Fixture supply

9. Valve

Sanitary Drainage and Ventilation System

1. Fixtures 2. Fixture Drain 3. Trap 4. Cleanout

5. Soil Pipe6. Waste Pipe 7. Indirect Waste Pipe

8. Soil and Waste Branch 9. Branch Interval

10. Soil or Waste Stack 11. House/Building Drain

12. House/Building Drain Branch

13. House/Building Sewer 14. Vent Stack or Main Vent

15. Stack Vent or Main Soil and waste vent

16. Vent Stack Thru Roof 17. Branch Vent

18. Individual or Back Vent

19. Common/Dual/Duplex/Unit Vent

Storm Drainage System

1. Gutter 2. Leader 3. Downspout 4. Catch basin

5. Storm drainage pipe 6. Area drains 7. Junction box

8. Storm main

Air break

The physical separation between a waste pipe and an indirect waste receptor or device is indirectly connected.

Air gap

the unobstructed vertical distance through the freeatmosphere between the outlet of a faucet and the floodlevel rim of the fixture or receptacle

Angle valve

A valve in which the inlet and outlet openings are at a 90º angle to one another.

Backflow

The flow of water or wastewater in pipes in a reverse direction from that normally intended

Back pressure

A pressure within the sanitary drainage system or ventpiping system that is greater than atmospheric pressure

Back Siphonage

The flowing by negative pressure ofcontaminated or polluted waterfrom a plumbing fixture into apotable water system

Backwater valve

A device installed in piping toprevent the reverse flow of storm orsewage into the drainage system ortheir branches.

Ball valve

A valve in which the flow of liquid is controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient (flexible)seat in the valve body

Battery of fixtures

Any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtureswhich discharge into a common horizontal waste or soilbranch

Bell or hub

The end portion of a pipe which for a short distance isenlarged to receive the end of another pipe which may beof the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.

Bibb

A term that is synonymous with faucet, cock, plug, tap or spigot.

Branch

Any part of the piping system other main, riser, or stack