APUSH AMSCO Unit 8.10

explain how and why various groups responded to calls for the expansion of civil rights from 1960 to 1980 + explain the various ways in which the federal government responded to the calls for the expansion of civil rights

James Meredith

tried to enroll at the University of Mississippi —> federal troops protected him as he did

George Wallace

tried to stop a black student from entering the University of Alabama —> federal troops allowed the student

Martin Luther King Jr.

the leader of the civil rights movement; used nonviolent protests

Letter from Birmingham Jail

explained that civil/equal rights were original American democratic values; moved Kennedy to support a tougher civil rights bill

March on Washington

200,000 people joined the peaceful march in support of jobs and the civil rights bill

“I Have a Dream” Speech

appealed for the end of racial prejudice

Civil Rights Act 1964

made segregation illegal in all public facilities

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

ended discrimination in employment based on race, religion, sex, or national origin

24th Amendement

abolished the poll tax

March to Montgomery

from Selma in March 1965; met with beatings and tear gas; pushed for the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Voting Rights Act of 1965

ended literacy tests and put federal registrars in areas where African Americans had been kept from voting since Reconstruction

Black Muslim

preached black nationalism, separatism, and self-improvement

Malcolm X

advocated using Black violence to counter White violence

SNCC/CORE

Malcolm X influenced the thinking of young African Americans in these civil rights organizations

Stokely Carmichael

he repudated nonviolence and advocated black power

Black Panthers

a socialist movement advocating for self-rule for African Americans

Watts

the arrest of a motorist in Watts led to race riots

race riots

continued to cause more casualties and destruction

Kerner Commission

explained that racism and segregation were at fault for the violence and that the US was becoming two societies (black and white, separate and unequal)

de facto segregation

the ideologies of people; very hard to change