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Articles of Confederation (1781)
First american constitution that established the us as a loos confederation of states under weak national congress,
Old Northwest
Territories acquired by the federal government from the states, encompassing land northwest of the ohio river
Land of Ordinance
provided for the sale of land in the old northwest and earmarked the proceeds to repaying debt
Virginia Plan
“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral congress
New Jersey plan
“small state plan” put forth at the Philadelphia convention, proposing equal representation by state, regardless of population, in a unicameral legislature.
Great Compromise
Popular term for the measure which reconciled the New Jersey and Virginia plans at the constitutional convention
Antifederalists
Opponents of the 1787 Constitution, they cast the document as anti democratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central government
federalists
Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safeguard the people’s liberties
Republican Motherhood
a concept derived from the notion that women should serve as educators of young men in order to teach them to become productive American citizens and embrace the Enlightenment ideas that fueled the concept of Republicanism following the end of the American Revolution.
assumption
Transfer of debt from one party to another. In order to strengthen the union, the federal government assumed states’
Funding at par
payment of debts such as government bonds at face value . 1790, Alexander Hamilton
Farewell adress
1796, George Washington’s adress to the end of his presidency
loose constitution
Legal doctrine which holds that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the constitution
fallen timbers
Decisive battle between the Miami confederacy and the U.S. Army. British forces refused to shelter the routed Indians,
Bank of the United States
1791, charted by congress as part of alexander hamilton’s financial program . the bank printed paper money
excise tax
tax on goods produced domestically
Whiskey Rebellion
Popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on
Bill of Rights
Popular term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals
Judiciary Act of 1789
Organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts,
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
negotiated by chief justine john jay in an effort to avoid war with britian
Pinckney’s Treaty
Signed with Spain which, fearing an Anglo-American alliance, granted Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the disputed territory of Florida.
Convention of 1800
Agreement to formally dissolve the United States’ treaty with France, originally signed during the Revolutionary War.
Neutrality Proclamation
Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America’s formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France, a statement that enraged pro-French Jeffersonians
Alien Laws (1798)
Acts passed by a federalist congress raising residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years
Grenville, Treaty of 1795
Under the terms of the treaty , the Miami confederacy agreed to cede territory in the old northwest to the us
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia
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