Thai Consonants

Listing of Consonants in Alphabetical Order

  • There are 44 consonant symbols in the Thai alphabet, which generate 21 start consonant sounds and 6 final consonant sounds when employed at the beginning and end of syllables, respectively.
  • There are 24 consonants of the lowest class, 9 consonants of the middle class, and 11 consonants of the highest class; the classes are significant for establishing the tone with which a syllable should be uttered.
  • Due to the fact that numerous consonants generate the same sound, each consonant has an acrophonic term that is commonly used to identify it.
SymbolThaiTranscriptionMeaninginitial - / - finalClass
ก (g)กอ ไก่ggɔɔ-gàichickeng- / -kmid
ข (kh)ขอ ไข่kɔ̌ɔ-kàieggkh- / -khigh
ฃ (kh)ฃอ ขวดkɔ̌ɔ-kùuatbottle (no longer in use)kh- / -khigh
ค (kh)คอ ควายkɔɔ–kwaaibuffalokh- / -klow
ฅ (kh)ฅอ คนkɔɔ-konperson (no longer in use)kh- / -klow
ฆ (kh)ฆอ ระฆังkɔɔ-rá-kangbellkh- / -klow
ง (ng)งอ งูngɔɔ-nguusnakeng - / -nglow
จ (j)จอ จานjɔɔ-jaanplatej- / -tmid
ฉ (ch)ฉอ ฉิ่งchɔ̌ɔ-chìngcymbalsch- / —high
ช (ch)ชอ ช้างchɔɔ-cháangelephantch- / -tlow
ซ (s)ซอ โซ่sɔɔ-sôochains- / -slow
ฌ (ch)ฌอ เฌอchɔɔ-chəətreech- / -tlow
ญ (y)ญอ หญิงyɔɔ-yǐngwomany- / -nlow
ฎ (d)ฎอ ชฎาdɔɔ-chá-daaheaddressd- / -tlow
ฏ (dt)ฏอ ปฏักdtɔɔ-bpà-dtàkgoaddt- / -tlow
ฐ (th)ฐอ ฐานtɔ̌ɔ-tǎanpedestalth- / -thigh
ฑ (th)ฑอ มณโฑtɔɔ-mon-tooMonthoth- / -tlow
ฒ (th)ฒอ ผู้เฒ่าtɔɔ-pûu-tâoelderth- / -tlow
ณ (n)ณอ เณรnɔɔ-neenbuddhist monkn- / -nlow
ด (d)ดอ เด็กdɔɔ-dèkchildd- / -tmid
ต (dt)ตอ เต่าdtɔɔ-dtàoturtledt- / -tmid
ถ (th)ถอ ถุงtɔ̌ɔ-tǔngsackth- / -thigh
ท (th)ทอ ทหารtɔɔ-tá-hǎansoldierth- / -tlow
ธ (th)ธอ ธงtɔɔ-tongflagth- / -tlow
น (n)นอ หนูnɔɔ-nǔumousen- / -nlow
บ (b)บอ ใบไม้bɔɔ-bai-máileafb- / -pmid
ป (bp)ปอ ปลาbpɔɔ-bplaafishbp- / -pmid
ผ (ph)ผอ ผึ้งpɔ̌ɔ–pʉ̂ngbeeph- / —high
ฝ (f)ฝอ ฝาfɔ̌ɔ-fǎalidf- / —high
พ (ph)พอ พานpɔɔ-paantrayph- / -plow
ฟ (f)ฟอ ฟันfɔɔ-fanteethf - / -plow
ภ (ph)ภอ สำเภาpɔɔ-sǎm-paojunk boatph- / -plow
ม (m)มอ ม้าmɔɔ-máahorsem- / -mlow
ย (y)ยอ ยักษ์yɔɔ-yákgianty- / -[vowel]low
ร (r)รอ เรือrɔɔ-rʉʉaboatr- / -nlow
ล (l)ลอ ลิงlɔɔ-lingmonkeyl- / -nlow
ว (w)วอ แหวนwɔɔ-wɛ̌ɛnringw- / -[vowel]low
ศ (s)ศอ ศาลาsɔ̌ɔ-sǎa-laapavilions- / -thigh
ษ (s)ษอ ฤๅษีsɔ̌ɔ-rʉʉ-sǐihermits- / -thigh
ส (s)สอ เสือsɔ̌ɔ-sʉ̌ʉatigers- / -thigh
ห (h)หอ หีบhɔ̌ɔ-hìipchesth- / —high
ฬ (l)ฬอ จุฬาlɔɔ-jù-laakitel- / -nlow
อ (-)ออ อ่างɔɔ-àangbasin-[vowel]mid
ฮ (h)ฮอ นกฮูกhɔɔ-nók-hûukowlh- / —low

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Initial Consonant Phones

  • There are twenty-one consonant sounds that can occur at the start of a syllable in Thai.
  • At syllable-initial position, any one of the forty-four Thai consonant graphemes may be applied.
  • According to their phonetic properties, the 21 sounds can be categorized as sonorant, plain, or aspirated.

21 Initial Consonant Sounds

TypeSoundLowMidHigh
Plaing-
Plainj-
Plaind-ด,ฎ
Plaindt-ฏ,ต
Plainb-
Plainbp-
Plain-
Sonorantng-
Sonorantn-ณ,น
Sonorantm-
Sonoranty-ญ,ย
Sonorantr-
Sonorantl-ล,ฬ
Sonorantw-
Aspiratekh-ค,ฅ,ฆข,ฃ
Aspiratech-ช,ฌ
Aspirateth-ฑ,ฒ,ท,ธฐ,ถ
Aspirateph-พ,ภ
Aspiratef-
Aspirates-ศ,ษ,ส
Aspirateh-

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6 Final Consonant Sounds

TypeSoundLowMidHigh
Dead-kค,ฅ,ฆข,ฃ
Dead-pพ,ฟ,ภบ,ป
Dead-tช,ฌ,ฑ,ฒ,ท,ธจ,ฎ,ฏ,ด,ตฐ,ถ,ศ,ษ,ส
Live-m
Live-nญ,ณ,น,ร,ล,ฬ
Live-g

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