upstream proficiency 151-222

detractor

sb who criticises

bound up with

closely connected with and inseparable

spur on

to encourage

subject sb to sth

to make sb experience sth

extol

to praise

recap on sth

to repeat some points already mentioned

set

the scenery used for a play, film, etc

frame

one of the separate photos that a film is made up of

outcome

a result

inoffensive

harmless, not unpleasant

enhancing

improving in value, quality, attractiveness

strained

under pressure looking worried nervous

talent scout

sb who looks for gifted/skilled people in unusual places

alleviate

to make sth less intense/severe

overflow

to pour over the edge due to overfilling

CEO

chief executive officer, highest ranking in a business company

baggage handler

person who load and loads baggage from aircraft

whereabouts

the exact location, place of residence

derive

come/develop from sth

varnish

liquid which hardens to provide a protective coat for wood

distract

take sb’s attention away from what they’re doing

draught

current of air flowing through a place

GP

general practitioner, doctor trained in general medicine and works in the local community

proofread

to check a written text for mistakes

wig

false hair

aspiring

trying to become successful in a certain field

solid

well founded firm

land sth

get sth that is difficult to obtin

apprenticeship

working for sb for a period of time to learn skills for that job

sensationalism

presentation of the facts in such a way as to provoke strong feelings

assassin

person hired to kill sb

infant

small baby

subsequent

happening after

unfold

develop and become known

detachment

objectivity

usurp

take over sth when one has no right to do so

hindsight

ability to understand sth abt an event after it has happened

galvanise

cause sb to tak action by making them feel excited or angry

aftermath

situation resulting from a major event

unrestrained

expressing feeling in a strong extreme intense manner

outwit

outsmart, trick, be cleverer than sb else

court sb

have a romantic relationship with sb before getting married

craftsman

sb skilled in a certain handicraft

fragile

easily broken, damaged

resilient

able to recover easily from unpleasant dmging events

resonant

having a deep, strong sound

ointment

smooth thick substance

morality

principles governing good behaviour, distinction between good and bad

condense

make a text shorter by removing irrelevant material

competence

ability to do sth well or effectively

quantifier

grammatical term for words which describe the quantity of sth

ply sb with sth

keep giving sb large amounts of sth

violation

breaking of an agreement, rule, promise

NCAA

national collegiate athletic association, us voluntary org through which us colleges and unis govern their athletic programmes

counter

act against sth

recanting

stating publically that one’s previous opinions have changed

inhibited

embarrassed, not feeling free to express oneself

forthcoming

willing to talk

consent

permission

federal

connected with national rather than local institutions

sneaky

doing sth in secret, suspiscious way

dried-up sources

people who had previously given unofficial information to journalists but have stopped doing so

upfront

honest, open

lawsuit

court case against sb

testimony

a formal statement for legal purposes

indisputable

unquetionable

recklessly

carelessly

law enforcement officer

member of the police force

abhorrent

hateful, disgraceful

glut

excessive amount of sth

scam

clever, dihonest plan

gotcha

exclamation when one ha caught or won sth = informal “i have got you”