Sports medicine 1 spine unit

What are the mechanism of injury (MOI) for spinal injuries

1. axial loading/spearing

2. flexion/hyper extension

3. lateral flexion

4. rotation

what is a cervical strain

mid injury to neck muscles

what is the treatment for a cervical strain

ice, electrical simulation

what is a cervical sprain also called

whiplash

what is a cervical sprain

mild ligmentous injury of neck, pain comes day after injury no initial pain

what are the treatments of a cervical sprain

ice, pain meds, soft collar

what is a brachial plexus injury also called

stinger

what is a brachial plexus injury

no definite cause, bundle of nerves start at spinal level C5-T1, goes down arm and causes numbness/feeling heavy

what is the treatment of a brachail plexus injury

rest, ice

symptoms of a vertebrae fracture

1. pain at fracture site

2. pain in chest/extremities

3. numbness/paralysis in trunk/limbs

how can a spinal cord be injured

1. laceration

2. bony fragments

3. hemorrhage

4. contusion

5. stretching

what can an immediate treatment of a spinal cord injury prevent

further damage

treatments of a spinal cord injury

1. emotional therapy

2. physical therapy

3. occupational therapy

4. surgical/medication treatment

what are ways to prevent a spinal cord injury

1. flexibility

2. muscular strength

3. proper technique

4. proper protective equipment

afferent nerve

sensory

efferent nerve

motor

what is cranial nerve I called

olfactory

what does the olfactory nerve do

sense of smell

how do you test the olfactory nerve

ask athlete to smell something

what type if nerve is the olfactory nerve

afferent

what is cranial nerve II called

optic

what does the optic nerve do

controls vision/reaction to light

how do you test the optic nerve

ask athlete to read scoreboard/something far away, flash penlight onto pupils to check reaction

what type of the nerve is the optic

afferent

what is cranial nerve III called

oculomotor

what does the oculomotor do

controls blinking eye movement

how do you test the oculomotor nerve

ask athlete to blink

what type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve

efferent

what is cranail nerve IV called

trochlear

what does the trochlear nerve do

controls inferiolateral eye movement (in/up)

how do you test the trochlear nerve

ask athlete to watch finger/follow finger, move finger so eye moves in/up

what type of nerve is the trochlear nerve

efferent

what is cranil nerve V called

trigeminal

what does the trigeminal nerve do

controls facial sensation

how do you test the trigeminal nerve

touch athlete face, ask if they feel it

what type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve

both

what is cranial nerve VI called

abducens

what does the abducens nerve do

controls lateral eye movement

how do you test the abducens nerve

ask athlete to follow finger side to side

what type of nerve is the abducens nerve

efferent

what is cranial nerve VII called

facial

what does the facial nerve do

controls facial movement/taste

how do you test the facial nerve

ask athlete to taste or smile and frown

what type of nerve is the Facial nerve

both

what is cranial nerve VIII called

vestibulochochlear

what does the vestibulochochlear

controls hearing/balance

what test do you use for the vestibulochochlear

make sound, ask if the athlete can hear it

what type of nerve is vestibulochochlear nerve

afferent

what is cranial nerve IX called

glossopharyngeal

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve do

controls taste/tongue movement

how do you test the glossopharyngeal nerve

ask to stick tongue out

what type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve

both

what is cranial nerve X called

vagus

What does the vagus nerve

controls breathing/taste/swallow

how do you test the vagus nerve

are they breathing?, ask to swallow

what type of nerve is the vagus nerve

both

what is the cranial nerve XI called

accessory

What does the accessory nerve do

controls neck flexion/shrug shoulders

how do you test the accessory nerve

put hands on athlete shoulder, ask to shrug, resist movement

what type of nerve is the accessory nerve

efferent

what is cranial nerve XII called

hypoglossal

what does the hypoglossal nerve do

controls tongue movement

how do you test the hypoglossal nerve

ask athlete to stick tongue out

what type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve

efferent

what is the first vertebrae called

atlas (C1)

what is the second vertebrae called

Axis (C2)

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many throacic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

what is below the lumbar vertebrae/plevis

sacrum

what is below the sacrom/also called the tailbone

coccyx

what is the outside of the disc called

annulus fibrosus

what is the inside/filling of the disc called

nucleus pulposus

what is kyphosis

curve of the cervical spine

what is lordosis

curve of the lumbar spine (jeremiah)

what is scoliosis

an S curve of the spine

what is in between each vertebrae

an intervertebral disc

who is the captain

the first person on scene

what does the captain do

controls the head/neck, tells everyone what to do

what are the captains duties

1. establish responsiveness

2. if conscious remove mouth guard/ ask questions

what to do if the athlete has pain on the spine with their hands

grasp hands then ask to squeeze

what to do if athlete has pain on the spine with their legs

hold hands against feet, tell to push shoe off (performs banski test)

what to do if athlete has pain on spine and either no movement or unequal movement

tell some to call 911, check ABCs

what does the 2nd person on scene

1. cut all helmet snubbers

2. check pupils for PERRLA

3. check ears for spinal fluid

4. get stretcher/backboard ready

what does PERRLA mean

p-pupils

e-equal

r-roaund

r-reactive to

l-light

a-accomdate

how to check for spinal fluid

use gauze pad to absorb fluid, look for halo

how to backboard with 6 people

3 people on either side , slide arms under athlete with palms up, "one two three lift"

what do you check on the field first

ABC's/conciseness (airway, circulation, responsiveness)

what do you check on the field second

Px/neurological function (check location/type of pain, sensory/strength in all extremities)

what do you first check off the field

evaluate for pain (any burns/stingers?, pain in soft tissue of neck?)

what do you check second when off the field

evaluate ROM (axial loading test, flexion/extensions/ rotation)

what to do if there is any positive tests

refer to team physician.

blocker

test C-5

Begger

test C-6

Kisser

C-7

Gripper

C-8

Spock

Test T1

what to remember to test Brachial Plexus on the sideline

Booty

Bounces

Kissing

Goes

Smooth