major functions of respiratory systems

major function of respiratory system

supply body with oxygen for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration

1:pulmonary ventilation

movement of air into and out of lungs

2:external respiration:

exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood

3rd respiration process

transport of oxygen and co2 in blood

4: internal respiration

exchange of oxygen and co2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues

upper respiratory function

provides a passage for air to be breathed in and out of the lungs, heats, humidifies and filters the air and is involved in cough, swallowing and speech.

upper: nose

external portion of respiratory system that provides airway, moistens, warms and cleans air before breathing

upper: nasal cavity:

midline by nasal septum

upper: pharynx

The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach)/ runs base of skull to vertebra

larynx

The area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing, and talking. (voicebox)

nasal cavity: nasal conche

help enlace air turbulence, filter, moisten, heat air, mucosa covered projections

nasal cavity: nasal vestibule

filter particles from air

paranasal sinuses

form ring around nasal cavities, lighten skull secrete mucus

nasopharynx

upper part of the throat behind the nose, air passage to nasal cavity, uvula closes while swallowing

orophayrnx

pasageway for food and air to epiglottis

laryn

extends to larynx with esophagus

conducting zone: lower respiratory function

transports gas to and from gas exchange sites:nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles,form a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs.

respiratory zone: lower respiratory

site of gas exchange, bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

epiglottis

the flap that closes during swallowing, covered in taste buds, vocal folds

voice production speech

release of expired air during opening and closing of glottis

glottis

opening between vocal folds: vibrate to produce sound

trachea

The airway that leads from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (large airways that lead to the lungs).

mucosa: trachea

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

submucosa: trachea

connective tissue with seromucous glands that produce mucus sheets with trachea

adventira trachea

outermost layer of connective tissue

bronchi

The large air passages that lead from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. Enlarge.

terminal bronchioles

feed into respiratory bronchioles, lead into alveolar ducts and into alveolar sacs

alveolar sacs:

clusters of alveoli

alveoli

Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

respiratory membrane

blood air barrrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls along with basement membranes, allows gas exchange membrane by simple diffusion

upper parts of respiratory system

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

lower parts of respiratory

larynx, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli

lungs

occupy all thoracic cavity except for mediastinum

right lung

horizontal fissure, oblique fissure, superior, middle and inferior lobes, 3

left lung

oblique fissure, cardiac notch, concavity for heart to fit into, smaller, 2

pleurae

thin, double layered serosal membrae that divides thoracic cavity into pleural compartments and mediastinum

parietal pleurae

membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm around heart and between lungs

visceral pleurae

membrane on external lung surface pleural fluid fills slitlike pleural cavity between 2 pleurae