Biology Unit 3 Test (Chapters 11, 12, 13)

The primary function of DNA

store and transmit genetic information

The physical appearance of an organism

Phenotype

Heredity

The transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Mutation

Change in the DNA

AGTTCG

What is the complementary DNA sequence for TCAAGC?

Codon

During translation, each nucleotide triplet codes for an amino acid is referred to as a(n)____________________.

X^R Y

In fruit flies, red eyes are X-linked. Red is dominant to white. What would a red eyed male genotype be?

hh

In dogs, black hair is dominant to brown hair. What is the genotype for a dog with brown hair? (H-dominant; h-recessive)

ribosome

tRNA brings the amino acids to what organelle?

Watson & Crick

Who is credited for the discovery of the structure of DNA?

Double Helix

What is the shape of DNA?

5 Amino Acids

How many amino acids are coded by this DNA strand?

TACCCAGGATATGCG

AUG

Start Codon

TT

What is the genotype for a homozygous dominant Tall Plant? (use the letter Ts)

Nondisjunction

Example: Down Syndrome; Down syndrome is also known as trisomy

Point mutation

A mutation where you change one nucleotide is called a(n)

The diagram shows a recessive trait being passed through generations. What is the genotype for the man in the first generation?

rr

Human Genome Project

What project in 1988 helped with discovering where certain genes were found on each chromosome?

Incomplete Dominance

The heterozygous trait shows a combination of the two traits (example: pink flower)

Codominance

Blood type AB is an example of what type of genetic pattern?

X-linked trait

Colorblindness is what type of trait?

Punnett Square

Diagram to help you determine the probability of having a trait

mRNA

The type of RNA that helps with transcribing the DNA strand

rRNA

The type of RNA that makes up the ribosome

tRNA

The type of RNA that brings the amino acid to the ribosome

Letters that represent the phenotype

Genotype

Helicase

What enzyme breaks the Hydrogen bonds during DNA replication?

Ligase

The repair enzyme during DNA replication

DNA polymerase

The enzyme that adds complimentary DNA nucleotides during DNA replication

Division of the Cell

Why is DNA replication important?

Chromosomal Mutation

Deletion is an example of what type of mutation?

Pedigree

Diagram used by genetic counselors for tracking the genetic disorder that runs in a family.

25%

Crossing parents Tt and Tt. What is the probability of having a genotype TT?

AUGGGCCAU

What is the complimentary mRNA strand to the following DNA strand?

TACCCGGTA

Anticodons

tRNA are the Codons or Anticodons?

purines A & G

What structures are similar in both DNA and RNA?

Heterozygous form for blood type A.

I^A i

Carrier

Term for being heterozygous without having the trait but could pass the trait on

X-Link Traits Affect

Men express X-Linked Traits more frequently

Frameshift Mutation

Addition or deletion of a nucleotide base that affects the rest of the strand of mRNA; multiple codons affected

Central Dogma

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Gel Electrophoresis

Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Epistasis

A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited; this is an example of albinism

polygenic traits

traits controlled by two or more genes; example; human height, eye color

Carrier

A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype.