Health and the Individual

Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness: how a person feels about their health
The seven forms of wellness * Physical- diet and exercise * Emotional-ability to understand themselves, how to deal with stress * Intellectual- able to make informed decisions * Spiritual- varies from person to person * Social- the ability to communicate with others * Environmental- one’s relationship with the environment, being eco friendly * Occupational- feeling secure, valued, and confident in their workplace
Illness: the presence of disease; how a person feels about their health
Disease: a condition with a person’s bodily or mental function which is not normal * May also describe a group of symptoms * Remission: no sign of disease
Disability: deviation from normal function

Medical model * It emphasizes diagnosis and treatment of disease but may exclude prevention. * Focusses on the physical process of a disease
Holistic model * A concept in medical practice that considers all aspects of a person's needs * Consists of prevention, treatment, and management of illness or disease
Traditional health * Attention aimed at treating symptoms with drugs/surgery. * The focus is on finding the underlying cause of the symptoms
Holistic Health * Personal responsibility patient is given a recommendation and it is up to them that they get better
Indigenous Wholistic Theory for health * Considers mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual wellbeing * East: shows spirit and vision * South: show the value and importance of relationships * North: shows healing movement and actions that guide practice
Wellness model * Focuses on assuming responsibility for their health and progression over time. * Not taking self-imposed risks: smoking, drinking, drugs, obesity, and a sedimentary lifestyle

A positive mindset can help a person deal more effectively with stress and fight disease
Historically, people if they got sick went to the doctor, got medication, and got better without participating in their treatment plan
Since the 1990s people have had access to information to take control of the treatments

Transtheoretical * People who are in the process of change could be * Pre-contemplation (don’t want to change) * Contemplation * Preparation * Action * Maintenance * Relapse * Termination
Social-ecological model * Many influences in one's life shape health (home, family, school, sports, work)
Protection Motivation Theory * Fear that they will get sick, so they take action to prevent it
Health belief model * If they believe that it will help, they are more prone to do it * Assuming they do not like the negative outcome

Continuum: is a method using a straight line with an opposing state at each end
Ones who society may say have poor health could be closer to optimum health depending on how they view their illness and if they have accepted it yet
Sick Role Behavior: when people get sick their personality changes * Remember when dealing with patients this is not who they are * Be patient with them; they are also tired and frustrated
Self-Imposed Risk
Many people participate in risky behavior including: * Unhealthy diet * Sunbathing * Inactivity * Drug abuse * Alcohol abuse * Speeding or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol * Driving without a seatbelt

Canadians are living longer now than ever * The overage life expectancy is 80.7 years
Currently, the leading cause of death is cancer, and the second is heart disease
1 in 2 Canadians are expected to be diagnosed with cancer