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Health and the Individual

Health, Wellness, and Illness

  • Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

  • Wellness: how a person feels about their health

  • The seven forms of wellness

    • Physical- diet and exercise

    • Emotional-ability to understand themselves, how to deal with stress

    • Intellectual- able to make informed decisions

    • Spiritual- varies from person to person

    • Social- the ability to communicate with others

    • Environmental- one’s relationship with the environment, being eco friendly

    • Occupational- feeling secure, valued, and confident in their workplace

  • Illness: the presence of disease; how a person feels about their health

  • Disease: a condition with a person’s bodily or mental function which is not normal

    • May also describe a group of symptoms

    • Remission: no sign of disease

  • Disability: deviation from normal function

Health Models

  • Medical model

    • It emphasizes diagnosis and treatment of disease but may exclude prevention.

    • Focusses on the physical process of a disease

  • Holistic model

    • A concept in medical practice that considers all aspects of a person's needs

    • Consists of prevention, treatment, and management of illness or disease

  • Traditional health

    • Attention aimed at treating symptoms with drugs/surgery.

    • The focus is on finding the underlying cause of the symptoms

  • Holistic Health

    • Personal responsibility patient is given a recommendation and it is up to them that they get better

  • Indigenous Wholistic Theory for health

    • Considers mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual wellbeing

    • East: shows spirit and vision

    • South: show the value and importance of relationships

    • North: shows healing movement and actions that guide practice

  • Wellness model

    • Focuses on assuming responsibility for their health and progression over time.

    • Not taking self-imposed risks: smoking, drinking, drugs, obesity, and a sedimentary lifestyle

Changing Perceptions of Health and Wellness

  • A positive mindset can help a person deal more effectively with stress and fight disease

  • Historically, people if they got sick went to the doctor, got medication, and got better without participating in their treatment plan

  • Since the 1990s people have had access to information to take control of the treatments

Psychology of Health Behavior

  • Transtheoretical

    • People who are in the process of change could be

      • Pre-contemplation (don’t want to change)

      • Contemplation

      • Preparation

      • Action

      • Maintenance

      • Relapse

      • Termination

  • Social-ecological model

    • Many influences in one's life shape health (home, family, school, sports, work)

  • Protection Motivation Theory

    • Fear that they will get sick, so they take action to prevent it

  • Health belief model

    • If they believe that it will help, they are more prone to do it

    • Assuming they do not like the negative outcome

Health Illness Continuum

  • Continuum: is a method using a straight line with an opposing state at each end

  • Ones who society may say have poor health could be closer to optimum health depending on how they view their illness and if they have accepted it yet

  • Sick Role Behavior: when people get sick their personality changes

    • Remember when dealing with patients this is not who they are

    • Be patient with them; they are also tired and frustrated

  • Self-Imposed Risk

  • Many people participate in risky behavior including:

    • Unhealthy diet

    • Sunbathing

    • Inactivity

    • Drug abuse

    • Alcohol abuse

    • Speeding or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol

    • Driving without a seatbelt

The Health of Canadians Today

  • Canadians are living longer now than ever

    • The overage life expectancy is 80.7 years

  • Currently, the leading cause of death is cancer, and the second is heart disease

  • 1 in 2 Canadians are expected to be diagnosed with cancer

MJ

Health and the Individual

Health, Wellness, and Illness

  • Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

  • Wellness: how a person feels about their health

  • The seven forms of wellness

    • Physical- diet and exercise

    • Emotional-ability to understand themselves, how to deal with stress

    • Intellectual- able to make informed decisions

    • Spiritual- varies from person to person

    • Social- the ability to communicate with others

    • Environmental- one’s relationship with the environment, being eco friendly

    • Occupational- feeling secure, valued, and confident in their workplace

  • Illness: the presence of disease; how a person feels about their health

  • Disease: a condition with a person’s bodily or mental function which is not normal

    • May also describe a group of symptoms

    • Remission: no sign of disease

  • Disability: deviation from normal function

Health Models

  • Medical model

    • It emphasizes diagnosis and treatment of disease but may exclude prevention.

    • Focusses on the physical process of a disease

  • Holistic model

    • A concept in medical practice that considers all aspects of a person's needs

    • Consists of prevention, treatment, and management of illness or disease

  • Traditional health

    • Attention aimed at treating symptoms with drugs/surgery.

    • The focus is on finding the underlying cause of the symptoms

  • Holistic Health

    • Personal responsibility patient is given a recommendation and it is up to them that they get better

  • Indigenous Wholistic Theory for health

    • Considers mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual wellbeing

    • East: shows spirit and vision

    • South: show the value and importance of relationships

    • North: shows healing movement and actions that guide practice

  • Wellness model

    • Focuses on assuming responsibility for their health and progression over time.

    • Not taking self-imposed risks: smoking, drinking, drugs, obesity, and a sedimentary lifestyle

Changing Perceptions of Health and Wellness

  • A positive mindset can help a person deal more effectively with stress and fight disease

  • Historically, people if they got sick went to the doctor, got medication, and got better without participating in their treatment plan

  • Since the 1990s people have had access to information to take control of the treatments

Psychology of Health Behavior

  • Transtheoretical

    • People who are in the process of change could be

      • Pre-contemplation (don’t want to change)

      • Contemplation

      • Preparation

      • Action

      • Maintenance

      • Relapse

      • Termination

  • Social-ecological model

    • Many influences in one's life shape health (home, family, school, sports, work)

  • Protection Motivation Theory

    • Fear that they will get sick, so they take action to prevent it

  • Health belief model

    • If they believe that it will help, they are more prone to do it

    • Assuming they do not like the negative outcome

Health Illness Continuum

  • Continuum: is a method using a straight line with an opposing state at each end

  • Ones who society may say have poor health could be closer to optimum health depending on how they view their illness and if they have accepted it yet

  • Sick Role Behavior: when people get sick their personality changes

    • Remember when dealing with patients this is not who they are

    • Be patient with them; they are also tired and frustrated

  • Self-Imposed Risk

  • Many people participate in risky behavior including:

    • Unhealthy diet

    • Sunbathing

    • Inactivity

    • Drug abuse

    • Alcohol abuse

    • Speeding or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol

    • Driving without a seatbelt

The Health of Canadians Today

  • Canadians are living longer now than ever

    • The overage life expectancy is 80.7 years

  • Currently, the leading cause of death is cancer, and the second is heart disease

  • 1 in 2 Canadians are expected to be diagnosed with cancer

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