CH.11 Review

Aorta

largest artery in the body

Aorta

Aort/o

Aortic semi lunar valve

left ventricle flows into aorta

Atrioventricular (AV) node

receives electrical impulse from SA node and sends it to the Bundle of His

Left atrium

where pulmonary veins flow

right atrium

where superior and inferior vena cava flow

Bicuspsid/ mitral valve

left atrium into left ventricle, MOST common valve to fail

Bundle of his

helps form conduction myofibres that extend to ventricle walls and stimulate them to contract. (connects AV node to rest of conduction system)

Coronary Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

inferior vena cava

VEIN that carries DOB from the body to the heart. (on the bottom of heart)

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

Pulmonary Artery

Artery that carries DOB from heart to the lungs

pulmonary semi lunar valve

right ventricle into pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

septum

Partition or wall dividing the chambers of the heart

Sinoatrial/SA node

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat, pacemaker

Superior Vena Cava

Vein that carries DOB from body to heart, located on the top of the heart.

Tricuspid Valve

Located between the upper and lower right heart chambers (atrium and ventricle)

Left ventricle

below left atrium

right ventricle

below right atrium

Sphygmomanometer

Tool that measures blood pressure

Stethoscope

amplify internal sounds of heart, lungs, body

Diastole

bicuspid and tricuspid opening, relaxation phase of heartbeat

systole

Semi lunar valves opening; contraction phase of heartbeat

pulse

Beat of the heart as felt through the wall of the arteries

vena cava

Largest vein in the body

ventricle

Lower chamber of the heart

Angina

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. relieved with nitroglycerin, can be a symptom of coronary artery disease

Arrhythmia

Abnormal rhythms of the heart.

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

coarctation of the aorta

Localized narrowing (stenosis) of Aorta, reduces supply of blood to the lower part of the body.

Congestive Heart Failure, CHF

Heart cant pump required amount of blood, results in pulmonary edema(too much fluid in lungs). Fatal if left untreated.

• Primary cause in us is HPB and Coronary artery disease

coronary Artery disease

Plaque hardening in arteries

• causes atherosclerosis (fat in arteries) and Acute coronary syndrome (reduced blood flow to heart)

Essential hypertension

high blood pressure with no identifiable cause

Fibrillation

quivering, prevents effective movement of blood (Atrial and Ventricular)

Flutter

Regular but rapid rhythm of contractions

Hypertensive heart disease

high BP from arterial stenosis

Infarction

Heart Attack due to blockage

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Improper closure of mitral valve

Tetralogy of fallot

Heart doesn’t develop correctly, causes hole in ventricular system (septal defects), pulmonary stenosis, ventricular hypotrophy (thicker myocardial mass), and shift of aorta

Patent ductus arteriosus

pulsus arteriosus fails to close after birth, so blood from aorta flows into the pulmonary artery

Myocardial infarction

heart attack, decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium

angi/o

vessel

ather/o

fatty substance

atri/o

atrium

-blast

immature cell

cardi/o

heart

coagul/o

clotting

coron/o

heart

-emia

blood condition

hem/o

blood

kary/o

nucleus

leuk/o

white

-lytic

do reduce, destroy; separate; break down

my/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

phleb/o

vein

-poiesis

formation

pulmon/o

lung

sphygm/o

pulse

-stasis

to stop, control, place

pulmonary circulation

right side of heart to lungs and back

systemic circulation

left side of heart and aorta to body and back

cardiac circulation

coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients

thromb/o

clot

vas/o

vesssel

ven/o

vein

axill/o

armpid

ox/o

oxygen

valvul/o

valve

myx/o

mucus

-constriction

tighten/narrow

-dilation

widen or enlarge

-graphy

process of recording

-plasty

surgical repair

-stenosis

narrowing

patent

open

endo-

within

dys

painful, abnormal, difficult

a-;an-

not, without

ather/o

yellowish plaque

tomy

incision

ectomy

removal

graph

record

-graphy

process of recording.

venule

small vein

mitral valve prolapse

improper closure of mitral valve

aneurysm

local widening of artery

petechiae

small, pinpoint hemorrhagews

digoxin

drug to strengthen heartbeat

CK, LD, and AST are

serum enzymes

ECHO

high frequency sound waves transmitted into chest

phlebotomy

incision of vein

DVT

blood clot in large lower limb vessel

endocardium

inner lining of heart

endothelium

inner lining of blood vessels

steth/p

chest

murmur

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves.