9B2 Classification and Adaptation [AQA GCSE Biology]

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30 Terms

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Abundance

A measure of how common or rare a particular type of organism is in a given environment

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Community

All the different populations of living organisms in a habitat

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Competition

The process by which living organisms compete with each other for limited resources

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Distribution

Where particular types of organisms are found within an environment

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Extremophile

An organism that can survive and reproduce in extreme conditions

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Interdependence

The network of relationships between different organisms within a community, for example each species depends on other species for food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal, etc.

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Population

Organisms of the same species in a habitat

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Biotic factor

Living factors that can affect a community of organisms

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Examples of abiotic factors

Light intensity

Temperature

Moisture levels

Soil pH and mineral content

Wind intensity and direction

Carbon dioxide levels for plants

Oxygen levels for aquatic animals

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Examples of biotic factors

Availability of food

Predators

Pathogens

Competition

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Abiotic factors

Non-living factors that can affect a community of organisms

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Structural adaptation

Features of an organism's body structure or appearance (e.g. horns or camouflage) which increase chance of survival

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Behavioural adaptation

What an organism does (e.g. being nocturnal, huddling to keep warm) to increase chance of survival

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Functional adaptation

The way things work inside an organism's body (e.g. producing toxins) which increase chance of survival

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Factors animals compete for

Food, territory, mates

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Factors plants compete for

Light, space, water, mineral ions

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predator

An animal that hunts other animals for food

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prey

An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

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producer

An organism that can make its own food.

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pyramid of numbers

shows the number of organisms at each trophic level

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pyramid of biomass

A pyramid that illustrates the total mass of all the organisms in a trophic level.

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food chain

A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

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photosynthesis

Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars

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respiration

The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.

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combustion

A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that releases energy and carbon dioxide

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carbon cycle

The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again

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Linnaeus system of classification

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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the three-domain system

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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binomial name for humans

Homo sapiens

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Classification

The process of grouping things based on their similarities