APES Unit One Exam Review

The population of oceanside is currently growing at a rate of 1.75% per yr. How many yrs. will it take for the population to double?

40 years

countries such as china increasingly have populations that are attaining a middle-class status. this has led to all of the following EXCEPT?

a decrease in environmental impact as residents become increasingly aware of the effects of pollution

And ecological footprint is defined as

The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to sustain an individual within a population

Which of the following are considered to be causes of key environmental problems?

Population growth, unsustainable resource use, poverty within a population

Plants and trees can be cut down and repainted. These resources are therefore considered to be?

Renewable resources

Which of the following is a primary factor used by the United Nations and classifying a country as developed or developing?

Degree of industrialization

A solid line on a graph it was streets which type of growth?

Exponential

The environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on what?

Population size, combined environmental effects of technologies, affluence level or consumption patterns within the population

Which of the following perspectives will do the most to ensure the sustainability of all of the earth living systems?

Environmental wisdom

Solutions to environmental problems are not always easy this is because

Any solution has both advantages and disadvantages

Which of the following is an example of the tragedy of the commons

Offshore clam beds in public areas depleted below replenishment levels by overfishing

Based on the full cost pricing principle, the real cost of a car can be estimated to be about

The price a consumer paid the dealer, plus the cost of the disposal at the end, plus the cost of the cleanup for all the pollution that was caused from the car, before, during, and after manufacture

All the following are strategies suggested to reduce global poverty except

Displace the governments of developing countries and replace them with democracies

Environmental ethics can best be defined as

Examining the moral basis and extent of our environmental responsibility

Sustainable yield

Highest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply.

Sustainability

Ability of the earths various systems, including human cultural systems and economies, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions in definitely

subsidy

Payment intended to help a business grow and thrive, typically provided by the government in the form of a grant or tax break

Per capita

Average per person

Natural capital

Natural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies.

inexhaustible (perpetual) resource

essentially inexhaustible resource such as solar energy because it is renewed continuously. Ex.sunlight

environmental worldview

a set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be

ecosystem services

Natural services or natural capital that supports life on earth and is essential to the quality of human life in the functioning of the worlds economies

Biocapacity

The ability of a productive ecosystem to regenerate renewable resources

When did hunters and gatherers come into contact

12,000 years ago

How many people are on earth currently

7.6 billion

Current population of China

1.4 billion

Current population of India

1.3 billion

Current population of the USA

325 million

Formula for calculating population growth rate

Birth plus immigrants minus death plus emigrants divided by population

Population growth rate shouldn't be more than

5%

Doubling time formula

70/r

Replacement level fertility rate

2.1

Age structure

Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.

cultural carrying capacity

The limit on population growth that would allow most people in an area or the world to live in reasonable comfort in freedom without comparing the ability of the planet to sustain future generations

Demographic transition

Hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialize, have declined and death rates followed by declines in Birth rates

Infant mortality rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Estimate of the average number of children who will be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she passes through all her childbearing years ages 15 through 44 conforming to age specific fertility rates of a given year

Which two countries have the largest number of people in 2017

China and India

A medium population growth projection calls for a population of nine .8 billion people in 2050 up from the current population of 7 .5 billion. What percent increase is this?

30%

In 1798, Thomas Malthus hypothesized The collapse of the human population. What factor lead instead to the continued increase of the human population?

Food production increasing at an exponential rate due to technological advances in agriculture

What is one reason why the human population has experience exponential growth in the past 200 years?

Humans have developed the ability to expand into diverse new habitats

Why is replacement level fertility slightly higher than two children per couple?

Some children die before reaching reproductive years

Compared to the United States, many other countries have lower infant Mortality rates, in part because other countries...

Have greater access to healthcare, including neonatal care

Over a certain ten-year period, the population of Fremont grew at a constant rate from 100,000 to 400,000 people. What is the annual growth rate percentage of this population?

14%

One of the most important factors in helping to stabilize a developing country's population in reducing environmental degradation Is too...

Empower and educate woman

Which of the following is an example of a positive use of natures natural capital?

Increased reliance on renewable energy resources

Which of the following are characteristics of countries that have high total fertility rates?

Woman married at a young age

In 2017, the world population was 7 .5 billion people. A projection for the human population by 2050 with a worldwide TFR of two children would be...

7.1 billion

Demographics use many values to rank the overall health of the population. The two most useful Indicators of the overall health of the people in the country or region are

Life expectancy an infant mortality rate

Which of the following has been utilizing both India and China in an attempt to reduce population growth rate?

Family planning and education

During what 2 stages of demographic transition does most of a countries population increase occur?

Stages two and three

What is one economic challenge the US will likely face as a result of age demographic transition into stage five?

Social Security will be under funded

Why did China's one child policy lead to a disproportionately high number of men than women and younger generations?

Cultural preferences favor sons