Chapter 13- The Blood System

The Language of Medicine

albumin

major protein in blood- maintains proper amount of water in blood

basophil

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue- released histamine and heparin

bilirubin

orange-yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

coagulation

blood clotting

colony-stimulating factor

protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells

electrophoresis

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

eosinophil

white blood cell containing granules that stain red- allergic reactions

erythrocyte

red blood cell- 5 million per microliter

erythropoietin

hormone secreted by the kidneys- stimulated red blood cell formation

fibrin

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

fibrinogen

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

globulin

plasma protein- alpha, beta and gamma

granulocyte

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules- eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

hematopoietic stem cell

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

hemoglobin

blood protein containing iron carries oxygen in red blood cells

heparin

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

lymphocyte

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

macrophage

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces- eats and engulfs bacteria

megakaryocyte

large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow

monocyte

leukocyte with one large nucleus that engulfs foreign material and debris that then become macrophages as they leave blood and enter body tissue

myeloblast

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

neutrophil

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow

plasmapheresis

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood

platelet

small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury and being the clotting process

polymorphonuclear

pertaining to a white blood cell with multilobed nucleus

prothrombin

plasma protein converted to thrombin in clotting process

reticulocyte

immature erythrocyte

thrombin

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

thrombocyte

platelet

basophil

attracted to blue dye

hypochromic

pertaining to extra color

anticoagulant

anti-clotting

coagulopathy

inability to clot

cytology

study of cells

eosinophil

red cells

erythroblast

immature red blood cells

hemolysis

breakdown of red blood cells

hematocrit

separation of blood

hemoglobinopathy

abnormal hemoglobin

anisocytosis

abnormality of red blood cells

megakaryocyte

cell with large nucleus

leukopenia

low white blood cell count

monocyte

one nucleus

morphology

study of formation

myeloblast

immature bone marrow cells

myelodysplasia

abnormal bone marrow cell production

neutropenia

low count of neutrophils

polymorphonuclear

white blood cells

poikilocytosis

irregularity of shape and RBC

sideropenia

low count of iron

spherocytossi

erythrocyte has round shape

thrombocytopenia

low count of cells that clot

plasmapheresis

spins to remove blood and plasma

leukapheresis

removal of WBC

plateletpheresis

platelets are removed

monoblast

immature one nucleus cells

macrocytosis

abnormal macrocytes- large

microcytosis

small macrocytes

leukemia

abnormal production of WBC

fibrinogen

producing blood clot

thrombosis

abnormal condition of thrombocytes

granulocytopenia

deficiency in granulocytes

pancytopenia

low red and white cells

anisocytosis

cells are unequal

hypochromia

cells have reduced color

marcocytosis

cells are large

microcytosis

cells are small

poikilocytosis

cells are irregularly shaped

spherocytosis

cells are spherical

aplastic anemia

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

hemolytic anemia

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

thalassemia

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromial

pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin b12 into the bloodstream

hemochromatosis

excess iron deposits throughout the body

polycythemia vera

general increase in red blood cells h

hemophilia

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or IX necessary for blood clotting

purpura

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

granulocytosis

abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood

mononucleosis

infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

antiglobulin test

test for presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

complete blood count

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

hematocrit

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

hemoglobin test

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

prothrombin time

test of the ability of blood to clot

apheresis

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood