Quarter Reflection Assignment

Kinematics

the study of motion without considering the forces that cause it

Displacement

the change in position of an object (a vector quantity)

Distance vs Displacement

Distance is scalar (total path length) while displacement is vector (straight-line change in position)

Velocity

the rate of change of displacement with respect to time

Acceleration

the rate of change of velocity with respect to time

Speed vs Velocity

Speed is scalar (magnitude only) while velocity is vector (magnitude and direction)

Constant Acceleration Motion

Motion where acceleration stays the same throughout

v = v₀ + at

Final velocity equals initial velocity plus acceleration times time

Δx = v₀t + ½at²

Displacement equals initial velocity times time plus half acceleration times time squared

v² = v₀² + 2aΔx

Final velocity squared equals initial velocity squared plus two times acceleration times displacement

Δx = (v + v₀)/2 × t

Displacement equals average velocity times time

v₀

Initial velocity

v

Final velocity

a

Acceleration

t

Time

Δx

Displacement

When to use kinematic equations

Only when acceleration is constant

Position-Time Graph Slope

Represents velocity

Velocity-Time Graph Slope

Represents acceleration

Area under Velocity-Time Graph

Represents displacement

Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth

9.8 m/s² downward

Velocity during Free Fall

Increases linearly in the negative (downward) direction

Velocity at Top of Upward Motion

Zero for an instant

Acceleration when Thrown Upward

Always downward

Projectile Motion

Motion in both horizontal and vertical directions under gravity

Projectile Path Shape

A parabola

Horizontal Velocity in Projectile Motion

Remains constant

Vertical Velocity in Projectile Motion

Changes due to gravity

Horizontal Acceleration of a Projectile

0 m/s²

Vertical Acceleration of a Projectile

-9.8 m/s²

Angle for Maximum Range on Level Ground

45°

Horizontal Velocity Component

vₓ = v₀ cosθ

Vertical Velocity Component

vᵧ = v₀ sinθ

Time of Flight (level ground)

t = (2v₀ sinθ)/g

Range of a Projectile

R = (v₀² sin2θ)/g

Maximum Height

H = (v₀² sin²θ)/(2g)

Horizontal Velocity Formula

vₓ = v cosθ

Vertical Velocity Formula

vᵧ = v sinθ

Vertical Velocity at Top of Path

Equals zero

Independence of Motion

Horizontal and vertical motions are independent