Dental Terminology

which teeth are considered anterior? posterior?

anterior = incisors + canines
posterior = premolar + molars

How many decidious teeth are there?

20

primary dentition average age and type of teeth present?

6 months to 6 years

primary teeth

mixed dentition average age and type of teeth present?

6 years to 12 years

primary AND permanent teeth

permanent dentition average age and type of teeth present?

12 years until loss of teeth

permanent teeth

dental formula for primary dentition

I 2/2 (incisors)
C 1/1 (canine)
M 2/2 (molar)

t/f there are no premolars in primary dentition

true

3rd molar is also known as

wisdom teeth

function of molars/premolars

grinding, chewing, crunching

dental formula for permanent dentition

I 2/2 (incisor)
C 1/1 (canine)
P 2/2 (premolar)
M 3/3 (molar)

how many permanent dentition

32

how many primary dentition?

20

what are succedaneous teeth

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth

T/F: the permanent molars are succedaneous

false, molars do not replace primary teeth (nonsuccedaneous)

the permanent premolars replace the decidous molars

which teeth are considered succedaneous teeth?

permanent incisors, canines, and premolars

universal numbering system the upper right quadrant is # ___ - ___

1-8

universal numbering system the upper left quadrant is # ___ - ___

9-16

universal numbering system the lower left quadrant is # ___ - ___

17-24

universal numbering system the lower right quadrant is # ___ - ___

25-32

primary dentition are labelled

A-T

universal numbering system, primary dentition, the upper right quadrant is letter ___ - ___

A-E

universal numbering system, primary dentition, the upper left quadrant is letter ___ - ___

F-J

universal numbering system, primary dentition, the lower right quadrant is letter ___ - ___

T-P

universal numbering system, primary dentition, the lower left quadrant is letter ___ - ___

O-K

Zsigmondy/palmer notation system uses ___ and ___

quadrants (right angle) and #1-8 per quadrant.

the most medial/anterior is #1 for each quadrant

FDI Notation system (Federation Dentaire Internationale) uses

XY

X: quadrant # (1-4)
Y: tooth number in each quadrant (1-8)

all teeth have __ surfaces

5
Anterior: incisal, medial, distal, labial, lingual
posterior: occlusal, mesial, distal, buccal, lingual

labial and buccal surfaces are also considered

facial surfaces

what are the 4 major tissues of a tooth?

enamel
dentin
pulp
cementum

what are the 3 major periodontal structures?

periodontal ligament (PDL)
alveolar bone
gingiva

what is the hard tissue covering dentin of anatomical root of tooth

cementum

what is the outer most layer of a tooth surrounding the entire anatomical crown?

enamel

t/f: cementum is cellular

cementum can be cellular or acellular depending on location of cementum along the root

the bone into which the teeth are set. this structure forms to house the developing tooth buds and, once erupted, the roots of the teeth. Provides structural support for dentition

alveolar bone

the mucosal tissue that covers the alveolar processes and surrounds the teeth

gingiva (gums)

what is the hard, vital tissue that is cellular and forms the bulk of a tooth and is covered by enamel in the anatomical crown and by cementum in the anatomical root?

dentin

t/f enamel is vital and cellular

false. enamel is non-vital and acellular

96% inorganic materla and 4% organic/water

what percent of dentin is inorganic/organic material

70% inorganic (calcium, phosphate ions, etc.)
30% organic (+water)

what is the periodontal ligament (PDL)? what is it’s function?

connective tissue fibers that attach cementum of tooth to the alveolar bone that surrounds it

it acts as a cushion to protect teeth while chewing.

meeting of dentin and enamel within the anatomical crown of a tooth

dentinoenamel junction DEJ

The junction line between the enamel layer and the cementum layer of the tooth.

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) also called the cervical line

cervical line is also called

cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

the junction of the dentin and cementum along the anatomical root structure

dentinocemental junction (DCJ)

Type I CEJ

cementum overlapping enamel

Type II CEJ

end-to-end (enamel meets cementum)

Type III CEJ

gap (absence of enamel meeting the cementum)

Type IV CEJ

enamel overlapping the cementum

odontoblasts secrete _________, have ________ cells, and protect the _______. Secondary dentin is secreted after ___________ to protect the pulp.

odontoblasts secrete dentin, have sensory cells, and protect the pulp. Secondary dentin is secreted after trauma to protect the pulp.

if a patient has pain without a clear cause (cavity), this could be what pattern of CEJ

Type I, where cementum overlaps the enamel

this is because the cementum is vital. if it is overlapping the enamel it isn't protected and therefore is exposed and causes pain.

Type III, where there is a gap between the enamel and the cementum. If the dentin is exposed it's vital so pain.

the mesial surface of a tooth has a _______ than distal

greater curvature of CEJ than distal

the more anterior a tooth, the ________ curvature of the CEJ

greater curvature of the CEJ

what has greater curvature of CEJ, maxillary or mandibular tooth (same tooth just on different part)

the CEJ curvature of maxillary teeth are higher than its counterpart on the mandibular arch

difference between anatomical and clinical root/crown

anatomical:
crown is covered by enamel. Does not matter if it has erupted or not.
root is covered by cementum.

clinical:
crown is above gingiva
root is below gingiva

root thirds

cervical, middle, apical

crown thirds

cervical, middle, and occlusal/incisal

proximal tooth thirds

lingual, middle, labial/buccal

all teeth develop from

4 or 5 lobes

what do lobes form?

cusps and mamelons

one of the primary centers of formation in the development of a crown?

lobe

what is the height of contour?

widest part of the tooth

lobes are separated by

developmental grooves

HOC increases as you go in what direction?

HOC (height of contour) increases as you go distal in the mouth

the mesial/distal HOC is seen from which view? what about facial/lingual HOC?

mesial/distal → facial/lingual view
facial/lingual → proximal

function of proximal contact areas

prevent food impaction between two teeth

all teeth have __ contact areas, except?

2
except the most distal tooth in each arch

contact areas move more __________ from anterior to posterior

cervically

distal contact area is usually located more _________ than the mesial contact area

cervically

triangular spaces that surround the contact area of two adjacent teeth
(very important for self cleaning process of teeth)

embrasure spaces

four types of embrasure spaces

incisal/occlusal
gingival (cervical)
facial (buccal)
lingual

function of embrasure spaces

serves as a spillway for food during mastication

smallest incisal embrasure

between mandibular central incisors (1)

2nd smallest incisal embrasure

between mandibular central and lateral incisors (2)

3rd smallest incisal embrasure

between maxillary central incisors (3)

largest incisal embrasure

between maxillary lateral and maxillary canine (4)

2nd largest incisal embrasure

between mandibular canine and mandibular lateral incisor (5)
#22 and #23
#26 and #27

3rd largest incisal embrasure

between maxillary central incisor and maxillary lateral incisor (6)
#7 and #8
#9 and #10

shallow midline V-shaped depression from under the nose to the midline of the upper lip

philtrum

union between the upper and lower lip at the corner of the mouth

commissure of lips

Transitional zone between the skin of the face and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity

aka midline of lower lip

Vermillion border of the lips

muscular attachment that gives stability to oral structures such as cheeks and lips

frenum (labial and lingual)

tissue that connects your gum to the top lip

labial frenulum

connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

lingual frenum

irregularly arranged folds or projections containing numerous taste buds found on lateral borders of tongue in the posterior 1/3

foliate papillae

most numerous type of papillae, densely arranged, hair-like, highly keratinized papillae on dorsal surface of tongue (do NOT contain taste buds)

filiform papillae

dorsum of tongue, contains 1-3 taste buds (taste buds on dorsal surface of papillae)

fungiform papillae

large, flat, round prominences on posterior of tongue, arranged in V-shaped row on dorsum of tongue (8-10 each containing many taste buds)

circumvallate (vallate) papillae

Describe the four patterns of CEJ. Which two cause the most sensitivity?

Type I - Cementum overlapping enamel *

Type II - Cementum and enamel meet end-to-endT

ype III - Gap (exposed dentin between cementum and enamel) *

Type IV - Enamel overlapping cementum

Which hard tissues of the tooth are vital?

dentin and cementum

mamelon

Space between the cheeks and tissue covering the bone of the upper and lower jaw

vestibule

function of incisors in mastication

cutting and incising

canine function in mastication

cutting, tearing, piercing, holding (also called a cuspid)

premolars function in mastication

tearing, holding, grinding (also called bicuspids)

the pulp cavity is the entire central cavity of a tooth, which contains

pulp
pulp canal
pulp chamber
pulp horns

the cervical line seperates what…? it is a _______

anatomical crown and anatomical root

constant entity

the general area of the tooth where the cervical line is located is also called

the nock or cervix