(5) Anatomy - Appendicular Skeleton: Upper Extremities

What bones make up the **pectoral girdle?**

Clavicle and Scapula

Clavicle

S-shaped “collarbones” that extend from the manubrium to the scapulae and help to hold the scapulae into position

Scapula

\
How many landmarks? List them

10

superior border

medial border

lateral border

acromion

coracoid process of the scapula

glenoid cavity/fossa

spine of the scapula

supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

subscapular fossa

\
(coracoid process should be lateral and the spine should be posterior)

Scapula - superior border

Scapula - medial border

Scapula - lateral border

Scapula - acromion

(what her fingers are pinching)

this projection on the scapula articulates with the clavicle

Scapula - coracoid process of the scapula

anterior projection of the scapula that serves as a muscle attachment site

Scapula - glenoid cavity/fossa

head of humerus fits perfectly into cavity

\
a depression on the scapula where the head of the humerus articulates to form a ball and socket joint

Scapula - spine of the scapula

\

Scapula - supraspinous fossa

(where her finger is pointing) on the posterior side

\
this is a LEFT scapula

Scapula - infraspinous fossa

everything below the spine

on the posterior side

\
this is a LEFT scapula

Scapula - subscapular fossa

its the overall depression (on the anterior side)

\
this is a LEFT scapula

**Humerus** bone

the upper arm bone

\
olecranon fossa should be posterior and medial epicondyle should be medial

How many landmarks does the **Humerus** have? List them

10

head of the humerus

greater tubercle

lesser tubercle

intertubercular sulcus/groove

capitulum

trochlea

medial epicondyle

lateral epicondyle

olecranon fossa of the humerus

coronoid fossa of the humerus

Humerus - head of the humerus

the ball-like proximal end of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form a ball and socket joint

Humerus - greater tubercle

in the head of the humerus

\
a lateral bump on the proximal end of the humerus that serves as an attachment site for muscles hat move the arm

Humerus - lesser tubercle

in the head of the humerus

\
a small bump on the anterior side of the proximal end of the humerus that serves as an attachment site for rotator cuff muscles

Humerus - intertubercular sulcus/groove

runs from head to middle of humerus (basically where the groove is)

Humerus - capitulum (a condyle)

(in the anterior view of bone)

capitulum = The lateral portion of the articular surface of humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence

\
articulates with the head of the radius

\
a lateral condyle on the distal end o the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius. this joining allows for pronation/supinaion of the foreamen

Humerus - trochlea (a condyle)

articulates with trochlear notch of ulna

\
a medial condyle on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. this joint allows for flexion and extension (bending and straightening) of the elbow

Humerus - medial epicondyle

epi = about

\
bump on the medial sides of the distal end of the humerus (just above the capitulum and trochlea). they are attachment sites for muscles that move the wrist and fingers

Humerus - lateral epicondyle

bump on the medial sides of the lateral end of the humerus (just above the capitulum and trochlea). they are attachment sites for muscles that move the wrist and fingers

Humerus - olecranon (elbow) fossa of the humerus

depression that articulates with the olecranon (elbow) process of the ulna

Humerus - coronoid fossa of the humerus

The **Ulna**

U-shaped

How many landmarks does the **Ulna** have? List them

5

olecranon/olecranon process

trochlear notch

radial notch of the ulna

coronoid process of the ulna

styloid process of the ulna

Ulna - olecranon (elbow)/olecranon process

(this image is olecranon - when u rest ur shoulder this is what is resting on the surface)

the proximal end o the una (posterior to the trochlear notch) that serves as an attachment site for muscles moving the foreamen

Ulna - trochlear notch

fits with trochlear condyle in humerus

\
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus to form a joint that allows the elbow to flex and extend

Ulna - radial notch of the ulna

articulates with the head of the radius

\
depression that articulates with the radius

Ulna - coronoid process of the ulna

Ulna - styloid process of the ulna

the **Radius**

How many landmarks does the **Radius** have? List them

4

head of the radius

radial tuberosity

ulnar notch of the radius

styloid process of the radius

Radius - head of the radius

attaches to the capitulum of the humerus. this joint allows the forearm to protonate/supinate

Radius - radial tuberosity

Radius - ulnar notch of the radius

depression that articulates with the ulna

Radius - styloid process of the radius

the **Hand**

\
What are the 3 groups of bones in the hand? List them

Carpals (base of hand)

Metacarpals (palm)

Phalanges (fingers)

List the names of the __Carpals__

Mnemonic: Sally Left The Party To Take Cindy Home

\
8

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

How does the naming of the __Metacarpals__ AND __Phalanges__ go?

1 - 5 (#1 is thumb)

3 bones of the Phalanges?

Proximal phalanx

Middle/Intermediate phalanx **the thumb does not have this**

Distal phalanx (last joint - fingertips)

**Pelvic girdle**

made of 2 parts: hip bones (the coxal bones) and sacrum bone

False/greater pelvis

the area between and around the flare both her hands are touching

True/lesser pelvis

the bottom part her hand is going through

Pelvic brim

separates the true and false pelvis

\
the brim she is circling with her finger

\
so above the brim: greater/false pelvis

below brim: true/lesser pelvis

What 3 bones make up the **Hip bone/**

**os coxae/coxal bone/ossa coxa**?

\
What are the other 2 bones in the pelvic girdle?

Ilium (the flare part of the hips), ischium, & pubic bone

\
obturator foramen & acetabulum

How many landmarks of the ilium bone? List them

7

ilium crest

ilia fossa

anterior spariac iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - ilium crest

that whole line/crest

\
an attachment site for muscles moving the vertebral column and the legs

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - iliac fossa

the large depression

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - anterior spariac iliac spine

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - anterior inferior iliac spine

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - posterior superior iliac spine

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - posterior inferior iliac spine

**Hip/coxa bone** - Ilium - greater sciatic notch

the hole her finger is in

sciatic nerve passes through there

How many landmarks of the ischium bone? List them

2

ischial tuberosity

ischial spine

**Hip/coxa bone** - ischium - ischial tuberosity

the edge she is touching with her left finger

when you sit, this is the area that touches the chair

**Hip/coxa bone** - ischium - ischial spine

the tip her left finger is touching

How many landmarks of the **pubis** bone? List them

4

pubic synthesis

superior ramus

inferior ramus

pubic arc

**Hip/coxa bone** - pubis - pubic synthesis

where her middle finger is

\
made out of fibrous cartilage

**Hip/coxa bone** - pubis - superior ramus

**Hip/coxa bone** - pubis - inferior ramus

**Hip/coxa bone** - pubis - pubic arch

the arch she’s making with her 2 fingers

larger for females, narrower for males

Obturator foramen

this hole

Acetabulum

this depression on the side

\
where the head of the femur articulates

\
the word means = vinegar cup (the Greeks and Romans liked to dip their food in vinegar before they ate it)