Chemistry - Ch 8 Vocab

Covalent Bond

The chemical bond that results from sharing valence electrons

Molecule

Formed when two or more atoms bond covalently

Lewis Structure

Represents the arrangement of electrons in a molecule

Sigma Bond

Single covalent bonds; occurs when the pair of shared electrons is in an area centered between the two atoms

Pi Bond

Forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons

Endothermic Reaction

Occurs when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants that is released when the new bonds form in the products

Exothermic Reaction

Occurs when more energy is released during product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants

Oxyacid

An acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and an oxyanion

Structural Formula

Uses letter symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms

Resonance

A condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion

Coordinate Covalent Bond

Forms when one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to form a stable electron arrangement with lower potential energy

VSEPR Model

Used to determine the molecular shape; based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared electron pairs around the central atom

Hybridization

A process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals

Polar Covalent Bond

The unequal sharing of electron pairs in a covalent bond between different atoms

120

Trigonal Planar

109.5

Tetrahedral

107.3

Trigonal Pyramidal

104.5

Bent

180

Linear

Equitorial Positions: 120

Axial Positions: 90

Trigonal Bipyramidal

90

Octahedral