Chemistry - Ch 8 Vocab

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Covalent Bond

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Chemistry

21 Terms

1

Covalent Bond

The chemical bond that results from sharing valence electrons

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2

Molecule

Formed when two or more atoms bond covalently

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3

Lewis Structure

Represents the arrangement of electrons in a molecule

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4

Sigma Bond

Single covalent bonds; occurs when the pair of shared electrons is in an area centered between the two atoms

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5

Pi Bond

Forms when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons

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6

Endothermic Reaction

Occurs when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants that is released when the new bonds form in the products

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7

Exothermic Reaction

Occurs when more energy is released during product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants

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8

Oxyacid

An acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and an oxyanion

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9

Structural Formula

Uses letter symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms

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10

Resonance

A condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion

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11

Coordinate Covalent Bond

Forms when one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to form a stable electron arrangement with lower potential energy

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12

VSEPR Model

Used to determine the molecular shape; based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared electron pairs around the central atom

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13

Hybridization

A process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals

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14

Polar Covalent Bond

The unequal sharing of electron pairs in a covalent bond between different atoms

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15
<p>120</p>

120

Trigonal Planar

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16
<p>109.5</p>

109.5

Tetrahedral

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17
<p>107.3</p>

107.3

Trigonal Pyramidal

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18
<p>104.5</p>

104.5

Bent

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19
<p>180</p>

180

Linear

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20
<p>Equitorial Positions: 120</p><p>Axial Positions: 90</p>

Equitorial Positions: 120

Axial Positions: 90

Trigonal Bipyramidal

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21
<p>90</p>

90

Octahedral

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