AP U.S. History Chapter 1 Review: 1491 - 1607

Flashcards created for review of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the AP U.S. History course, covering events from 1491 to 1607.

What significant event happened in 1492 that changed the course of history?

Columbus's first voyage to the Americas.

What was the purpose of Columbus and other Spanish sea captains' voyages?

To chart a new ocean route to Asia.

What major crop was developed in central Mexico around 2500 B.C.?

Corn.

What system allowed Spanish officials to extract labor and tribute from Native Americans?

The encomienda system.

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on Native American populations?

It caused catastrophic declines due to diseases brought by Europeans.

What did Bartolome' de las Casas criticize about the Spanish conquests?

The mistreatment and abuses of Native Americans.

How did indigenous peoples in North America adapt their societies to their environments?

By developing complex societies and agricultural practices.

What were the staple crops in the diets of Native Americans by 1200 C.E.?

Maize, beans, and squash.

What was the estimated population of Native Americans in 1491 compared to 1600?

Estimated 40 to 100 million in 1491, reduced to 8 million by 1600.

What role did Spanish missionaries play after the arrival in the New World?

They promoted Christianity among Native Americans.

What was the significance of Cahokia in Native American history?

It was a city-empire along the Mississippi, showing urban development.

What was notable about the population distribution in the Pacific Northwest?

It supported a relatively dense population due to abundant natural resources.

What were the primary hardships faced by Native Americans due to European arrival?

Loss of populations due to disease, warfare, and exploitation.

What was the social structure in New Spain primarily based on?

Race and intermarriage between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans.

What type of communities did the Hopi and Zuni build?

Planned towns.