Physiology: Cardiorespiratory - Unit 3

Prognosis & ex

Expected impact of disease on life

ex: asthma for life, PCOS for life but can be managed through medication.

Diagnosis & ex

Identifying an illness based on symptoms a patient has.

ex: breathing trouble caused by asthma.

Treatment

Can reduce symptoms or delay progression of a disease.

Cure & ex

After medical care, individual no longer has the disease

ex: tumor removal, antibiotics after bacterial infection.

(Types of Diseases) Acute & ex

Short term illness or symptom that has sudden onset.

ex: heart attack comes suddenly.

(Types of Diseases) Chronic & ex

Long term illness with symptoms that last for months or more.

ex: asthma, diabetes.

(Respiratory Tissues) Simple Squamous & Pseudostratified Columnar group

E

(Respiratory Tissues) Simple Squamous function

• In alveoli

• Single layers allow for easier diffusion

• AT ENDS OF LUNGS

(Respiratory Tissues) Simple Squamous specialized cells

none

(Respiratory Tissues) Pseudostratified Columnar function

• Airway- nose through bronchiole.

• Secretion of mucus, propels mucus with cilia.

(Respiratory Tissues) Pseudostratified columnar specialized cells

Goblet cells: make mucus

Respiratory System Function

Exchange Gases (O2 & CO2) & Produce Vocal Sounds

Nasal Cavity

Inhales Air

Oral Cavity

(Can also inhale air)

Pharynx

Back of Throat

Larynx

Voice box: Has Vocal Cords

Trachea

(Windpipe)

Bronchi

First branch of airways into lungs.

Lung

Right 3 Lobes, Left 2 Lobes (Heart takes up space)

Bronchioles

Small Airways

Alveoli Definition

Location where exchange of O2 for CO2 occur

Diaphragm

Muscle Aids in Breathing.

Diaphragm Changes Volume of

Chest Cavity

(Thoracic Mechanics) When it Contracts & Moves DOWN (4)

• Chest Cavity gets larger

• Pressure DECREASES

• Air flows in

• Lungs INFLATE

(Thoracic Mechanics) When Diaphragm Relaxes & MOVES UP (4)

• Chest Cavity Gets Smaller

• Pressure INCREASES

• Air Flows Out

• Lungs DEFLATE

Airway Overview (9)

1. Breathe in Oxygen (O2)

2. Trachea

   a. Supportive Cartilage

3. Bronchi

   a. Tubes lead into either left / right lung

4. Lungs

   a. Right Lung: 3 Lobes

   b. Left Lung: 2 Lobes

   i. Heart Crowding

INHALATION (2)

1. Diaphragm moves DOWN

2. Air fills lungs

EXHALATION

1. Diaphragm moves UP

2. Air leaves lungs

Asthma (Organ Affected)

Bronchioles

Bronchitis (Organ Affected)

Bronchi

COPD (Organs Affected) (3)

Bronchi, Bronchioles & Alveoli

COVID (Organs Affected) (2)

Alveoli & Blood Vessels

Croup (Organs Affected) (3)

Larynx, Trachea & Bronchi

Cystic Fibrosis (Organs Affected) (2)

Lungs (Bronchioles & Alveoli)

Emphysema (Organ Affected)

The Alveoli

Lung Cancer (Organ Affected)

Lung Tissue

Pneumonia (Organ Affected)

(alveoli)

Pneumothorax (Organs Affected) (2)

Pleural (chest) Cavity & lungs

Rhinitis (Organ Affected)

Nasal Cavity

Asthma Organ Tissue

Swell & Produce extra mucus

Asthma Symptoms (3)

1. Shortness of breath

2. Chest tightness or pain

3. Wheezing / Coughing attacks

Bronchitis Organ Tissue

Inflamation of Bronchi

Bronchitis Symptoms (2)

1. Coughing up mucus

2. Chest discomfort

COPD Organ Tissue

Blocked / “obstructed”

COPD Symptoms (4)

1. Breathing difficulty

2. Coughing up mucus

3. Wheezing

4. Lack of energy

COVID Organ Tissue

Mucus build up in alveoli

COVID Symptoms (4)

1. Fever & tiredness

2. Continuous cough

3. Loss of taste or smell

4. Breathing difficulties

Croup Organ Tissue

Swelling

Croup Symptoms (3)

1. Barking cough

2. Whistle sound when inhaling

3. Fever

Cystic Fibrosis Organ Tissue

Blocked by sticky mucus

Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms (4)

1. Overproduction of sticky mucus

2. Exhaustion

3. Wheezing / coughing

4. Lung infections

Emphysema Organ Tissue

Walls of alveoli are damaged / broken

Emphysema Symptom

Shortness of breath

Lung Cancer Organ Tissue

Uncontrolled lung cell growth = tumor

Lung Cancer Symptoms (3)

1. Chronic coughing

2. Coughing up blood

3. Chest pain, shortness of breath.

Pneumonia Organ Tissue

Inflamed & filled with mucus

Pneumonia Symptoms (5)

1. Cough

2. Fever

3. Chest Pain

4. Difficulty Breathing

5. Exhaustion

Pneumothorax Organ Tissue

Air leaks in between lung & space around it.

Pneumothorax Symptoms (2)

1. Sudden chest pain

2. Shortness of breath

Rhinitis Organ Tissue

Inflammation, swelling & mucus in tissue

Rhinitis symptoms (3)

1. Sneezing

2. Runny nose

3. Itchy

Whooping Cough Organ Tissue

Bacteria stick to lung lining & make toxins.

Whooping Cough Symptoms (3)

1. Hacking Cough

2. Runny nose & fever

3. Extreme fatigue, vomiting.

Whooping Cough Organ Affected

Lung

Asthma is (2)

1. Genetic

2. Environmental

Emphysema is (2)

1. Smoker

2. Alveoli are damaged

Pneumonia is (2)

1. Viral (or) bacterial

2. Fever

Covid is (2)

1. Viral

2. Fever

Croup is (1)

Infants

Cystic Fibrosis is (2)

1. Genetic

2. Constantly sick

Pneumothorax (2)

1. Injury

2. Deflated lung

Whooping Cough is (2)

1. Bacterial

2. Lung Lining infected

Blue Blood Cells Represent

Deoxygenated RBC (CO2>O2)

Deoxygenated RBC comes

FROM the Heart

Red Blood Cells Represent

Oxygenated RBC (O2>CO2)

Oxygenated RBC go

BACK to the Heart

the tissue that lines the Alveoli and capillaries are

Lined by Simple Squamous Tissue

Tissues that are Pseudo Stratified Tissue are (6)

• Nasal Cavity

• Larynx

• Pharynx

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Bronchioles

Lungs are both

Pseudo & Simple tissue

Diaphragm is _____ tissue

Muscle tissue

Cilia in Nasal Cavity (3)

Traps dirt, moves mucus and warms the air.

Blood Group

C for connective

Blood Function (2)

• Found in blood vessels.

• Transports nutrients and waste & maintains homeostasis in the body.

Blood Specialized Cells (3)

1. RBC: Carry oxygen

2. WBC: Immune

3. Platlets: Clot

(Blood Components) Plasma

Liquid, carries nutrients, Co2, O2 (More than half of blood)

(Blood Components) Red Blood Cells name

Erythocytes

(Blood Components) RBC functions (2)

1. Carry out towards tissue

2. Carry CO2 away from tissue

(Blood Components) WBC name

Leukocytes

(Blood Components) WBC function

Fight infection (immune)

(Blood Components) Platelets name

Thrombocytes

(Blood Components) Platelets function

Blood Clotting

Characteristics of RBC (3)

1. Biconcave discs (thin in center)

2. Lacks a NUCLEUS

3. Allows for greater oxygen capacity inside

(Circulatory Tissues) Smooth Muscle Group

M

(Circulatory Tissues) Simple Squamous

Epithelial

Smooth Muscle Functions (2)

• Around arteries / veins

• Aid in involuntary blood vessel contraction

Simple Squamous Functions (2)

• Surrounds blood vessels

• Single layer allows for diffusion

Neither Smooth Muscle nor Simple Squamous have

Specialized cells.

Capillaries Diameter

Single Cell

Capillaries Surrounding Tissue

is the Simple Squamous Tissue

Capillaries Function

Diffusion of gas molecules (O2 & CO2)