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Science
Chemistry
Equilibrium
The Haber Process
Making ammonia
Ammonia is an important industrial product used to make
fertilisers
, explosives and dyes. It is manufactured using the
Haber process
.
This involves a
reversible reaction
between nitrogen and hydrogen:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
The reaction can reach a dynamic equilibrium.
In the Haber process:
nitrogen (extracted from the air) and hydrogen (obtained from
natural gas
) are pumped through pipes
the
pressure
of the mixture of gases is increased to 200
atmospheres
the pressurised gases are heated to 450°C and passed through a tank containing an iron
catalyst
the reaction mixture is cooled so that ammonia
liquefies
and can be removed
unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are
recycled
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