The integumentary system Quiz

What are the three main layers of skin?

Epidermis, Dermis and hypodermis

What protein makes up hair and nails?

Keratin

What triggers an inflammatory response?

infectious agents, foreign bodies like a splinter, burns, lacerations, toxins or even chemicals

What are the symptoms of an inflammatory response?

swelling, heat, redness, and pain

What is the difference between a white and red reaction?

1. The white reaction is caused by the displacement of blood from the small capillaries at the surface of the skin in response to mechanical stimuli. Eventually, blood will return to the area.
2. Red Reaction is often caused by histamine release as a natural response of your immune system. At the area where you dragged the eraser, redness, and skin swelling occurs due to the opening of blood vessels and leaks unto the tissues within the vessel itself.

What is dermographia? Do you have it?

1. Dermatographia is a condition in which lightly scratching your skin causes raised, inflamed lines or welts. These marks tend to go away in less than 30 minutes.
2. No, I don’t have it

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

keratinized stratified squamous

What type of tissue makes up the dermis?

Connective tissue

Are hair and nails living or non-living tissue? Explain your answer

Nonliving tissue because both of them are made out of dead keratin cells

From what layer of the epidermis was your skin sample taken?

stratum corneum

What were the common causes & risk factors found in the majority of skin disorders?

Most skin disorders were caused by a virus, bacteria, or a skin injury. Many common risk factors were injury, heredity, and a weakened autoimmune system.

What were the common symptoms found among the majority of skin disorders?

rashes, red, itchy, and discoloration of the skin.

How did the ice water affect the oral temperature?

It caused a decrease in the oral temperature

How did the ice water affect the dermal temperature?

It caused a decrease in dermal temperature

Hypothesize what would happen to the oral and dermal temperatures if the test subject was placed in a hot sauna.

the dermal temperature would rise faster and higher than the oral temperature

In 1-2 paragraphs, summarize the procedure and results of this lab.

1. Placed hand into cold water and saw the impact of it.

   1. The water decreased the temperature of the hand but increased the temperature of the water itself
   2. After removing the hands, the water came to its normal temperature while the hand was still a bit cold
   3. The skin color started off with brown, transitioned into pink while in the water, and dark pink later. Finally, when the hand is taken out, it turned back to its normal color (brown)

What organs make up the integumentary system?

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

What percent of body weight is the skin?

12 to 15% of body weight

What are the functions of the skin?

1. the first barrier against infectious disease
2. prevents fluid loss from our organs
3. and maintains homeostasis

What are the three main layers of the skin?

epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

What are the four types of cells that make up the epidermis, and what is the function of each of these cells?

• Melanocytes: produce melanin that influences skin color
• Keratinocytes: produces keratin that makes up hair and nails
• Merkel’s cells: function in touch
• Langerhans’ cells: function in immunity

Since the epidermis is avascular, how does it get nutrients?

All nutrients for the living cells of the epidermis diffuse from the basement membrane of the dermis below it

Draw and Label the 5 layers, or strata, of the epidermis. Write the function of each layer next to the label.

• Stratum Basale: single-layer cells at the basement membrane of the dermis.
  • Continuously divide and push up towards the surface of the skin.
• Stratum spinosum: “spiny,”
  • Pushed out from the stratum basale
  • Spines interlock together to form a support layer.
• Stratum granulosum: Living cells, but no nutrients reach them.
  • Produce Keratin and die
  • keratin protein produced will make up the majority of the dead cells in the next two layers.
• Stratum lucidum: only found in areas where the skin is thick, such as the soles of the feet, not found in thin skin areas, such as the forearm.
  • not found in thin skin areas, such as the forearm.
• Stratum Corneum: an outer layer that we see
  • made up of layers of dead keratinized cells.
  • This layer is tightly bound together, and the keratin protects the underlying cells from fluid loss while keeping the skin elastic.
  • In a process called desquamation, cells of the stratum corneum are sloughed off.
  • Cells from the epidermis are completely shed every 35 - 45 days

Acronym: Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned (C for Corneum, L for lucidum, G for granulosum, S for spinosum and B for Basale)

What is desquamation? How long does it take for a cell produced in the stratum basale to be sloughed off at the stratum corneum?

1. In desquamation, cells of the stratum corneum are sloughed off.
2. Cells from the epidermis are completely shed every 35 - 45 days

What types of proteins make up the dermis?

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

What structures can be found embedded in the dermis?

Sweat and Sebaceous gland

What is the function of sweat glands?

assist the body in temperature control

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

produce oils that keep the outer layer of skin and hair moisturized

What CELLS are hair and nails made up of?

highly keratinized epithelial cells

According to the table in the background, what skin disorder was most prevalent in the US in 2004? What are the symptoms?

1. Herpes Simplex
2. Symptoms: Painful blisters, itching, burning, flu-like symptoms

What is a skin biopsy, and what is used to diagnose it?

1. Skin biopsy: Done when abnormal growth appears on the skin (might be indicative of cancer)
   • The suspected area is removed, and the pathology lab will microscopically examine it to determine whether the skin might be cancerous.

What is a patch test, and what is it used to diagnose?

1. Patch test: Done to detect whether an allergy might be causing skin disorder.
   • variety of pollen, animal dander, and milk proteins will be applied to the skin directly or through subcutaneous injections
   • skin is then observed for any redness, swelling, or itching

What is a skin culture, and what is it used to diagnose?

1. Skin culture: Done when bacterial, fungal, or viral infection might be causing skin disorder.
   • This could include samples of tissues or fluids in the affected skin portion
   • The sample is then grown on different types of media to identify the specific microorganism