Dual Credit US History Vocab

Four Progressive Era Amendments

16th, 17th, 18th, 19th were ratified to give people more voice in government, regulate the economy, establish an income tax, and solve social problems.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages (1919).

laissez faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Three Progressive Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson.

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax. The income tax replaced tariffs as a source of money for the federal government. (1913)

19th Amendment

(1920) Gave women the right to vote and expanded voting rights in the United States.

Carrie Chapman Catt

(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance.

Federal Reserve System

(1913) The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates.

Federal Trade Commission

A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and maintain a competitive economy.

Clayton Antitrust Act

(1914) Law that declared monopolies illegal. It also gave more power to workers by legalizing strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for his leadership during World War I. He supported the creation of the Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, and a progressive income tax.

Bull Moose Party

Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Theodore Roosevelt in the election of 1912.

Gifford Pinchot

Head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them.

Payne Aldrich Tariff

Tax on imports passed by Congress in 1909; the original bill was an attempt to reduce the tax, but in the final version kept taxes high on most imports.

William Howard Taft

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Theodore Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

NAACP

National Association of Colored People: Organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 law which created federal regulations for meatpacking plants and established a system of federal inspection in the food industry to protect consumers.

The Jungle

Work by Upton Sinclair that pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry and led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker whose book led to the first laws to protect consumer safety, including the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy promoting cooperation between capital, labor, and the public, calling for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources.

Theodore Roosevelt

First 'modern' president who believed in an active federal government and worked to break up abusive monopolies, supported union workers, and helped build the Panama Canal.

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote.

suffrage

The right to vote.

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

Founded in 1896 to improve living and working conditions for African-American women.

17th Amendment

Provided for the direct election of senators, intended to give voters more voice in government.

recall

Gives citizens the power to remove an elected official from office, increasing their political power.

referendum

Process in which people vote directly on a bill, giving more political power to citizens.

initiative

Permits voters (citizens) to put legislative measures directly on the ballot, giving more political power to the people.

Robert M. LaFollette

Governor of Wisconsin who took power away from railroad and lumber companies, regulated public utilities, and pushed for progressive reforms at the state level.

scientific management

Studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job, aimed at improving government and solving societal problems.

Muckrakers

Progressive Era journalists who published stories that brought public attention to problems and exposed corruption and injustices.

Prohibition

Movement to ban alcohol consumption between 1915-1920 due to alcohol abuse causing social problems like family violence, unemployment, and poverty.

Florence Kelley

Progressive reformer and advocate for improving the lives of women and children, who helped pass laws to limit child labor and limit women's working hours.

Progressive Movement

Major reform effort centered in urban areas in the early 1900s aimed at giving people more voice in government, increasing economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life.