UNIT 1: apush

What was the role of the Spanish missionaries in the Americas?

Spanish missionaries aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity, often establishing missions and exerting cultural influence.

What was the significance of the Pueblo Revolt?

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a successful uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers, highlighting resistance to colonization and oppression.

What is the doctrine of the 'City Upon a Hill'?

The 'City Upon a Hill' was a phrase used by John Winthrop to describe the Puritan vision of their colony as a model of Christian charity and community.

Who was Anne Hutchinson, and what was her significance?

Anne Hutchinson was a Puritan spiritual leader who challenged gender roles and religious authority, leading to her banishment and highlighting dissent in Puritan society.

What were the Navigation Acts?

The Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted colonial trade to England and its colonies, aimed at increasing British economic control over the colonies.

What was the significance of the Boston Tea Party?

The Boston Tea Party (1773) was a protest against British taxation, where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor, symbolizing resistance to British authority.

Who authored Common Sense, and what was its impact?

Thomas Paine authored Common Sense (1776), a pamphlet arguing for independence, which galvanized public support for the revolutionary cause.

What was the Second Continental Congress?

The Second Continental Congress convened in 1775 to manage the colonial war effort and moved incrementally towards independence, ultimately adopting the Declaration of Independence.

What was the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill?

The Battle of Bunker Hill (1775) demonstrated that colonial forces could stand up to the British army, fostering confidence among revolutionaries despite being a tactical British victory.

Who was George Washington in the context of the American Revolution?

George Washington served as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, playing a key role in leading the colonies to victory.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

The Treaty of Paris (1783) officially ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and granting territorial rights to the new nation.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the United States, creating a weak federal government that struggled to govern effectively.

What was Shays' Rebellion?

Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787) was an armed uprising in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices, revealing weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

The Constitutional Convention (1787) aimed to address the deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation and led to the drafting of the current U.S. Constitution.

What is the Bill of Rights?

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing individual liberties and limiting government power.

What is the significance of the Northwest Ordinance?

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established a framework for governing and admitting new states from the Northwest Territory, setting important precedents for future expansion.

Who were the Federalists?

Federalists were supporters of the proposed Constitution who favored a strong central government and were key in advocating for its ratification.

What was the Anti-Federalist response to the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution, fearing it gave too much power to the federal government and lacked protection for individual rights.

What is the significance of the Federalist Papers?

The Federalist Papers are a series of essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution, providing insights into the framers' intentions.

Who is known as the 'Father of the Constitution'?

James Madison is known as the 'Father of the Constitution' for his crucial role in its drafting and promoting the document.

What was the principle of separation of powers?

The principle of separation of powers divides government responsibilities among distinct branches (executive, legislative, judicial) to prevent abuse of power.

What is judicial review?

Judicial review is the power of the courts to examine and invalidate actions of the legislative and executive branches if they are found unconstitutional.

What was the impact of the Whiskey Rebellion?

The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) tested the federal government's ability to enforce its laws, demonstrating the strength of the new government under the Constitution.

What was the significance of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) were controversial laws that restricted immigration and curtailed free speech, highlighting tensions between national security and civil liberties.

Who was Thomas Jefferson, and what was his role in early American government?

Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as the third President of the United States, promoting ideas of democracy and individual rights.

What was the significance of Bacon's Rebellion?

Bacon's Rebellion (1676) was an armed revolt in Virginia against Governor Berkeley's policies, highlighting class conflicts and tensions between colonial frontiersmen and Native Americans.

What was the Glorious Revolution and its impact on the American colonies?

The Glorious Revolution (1688) in England led to the overthrow of King James II and the establishment of constitutional monarchy, inspiring colonists' ideas about governance and rights.

What was the significance of the Middle Passage?

The Middle Passage refers to the forced transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean, a brutal leg of the Triangle Trade that resulted in immense suffering.

Who were the key Enlightenment thinkers influencing the American Revolution?

Key Enlightenment thinkers included John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, whose ideas on natural rights and government greatly influenced colonial leaders.

What were the main causes of the American Revolution?

The main causes included British taxation without representation, restrictive trade policies, and growing resentment over British military presence and authority.

What was the significance of the First Great Awakening?

The First Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) was a religious revival that emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith, leading to the growth of new religious denominations.

What was the role of the Continental Army?

The Continental Army, formed by the Second Continental Congress, served as the unified military force of the colonies fighting against British rule during the American Revolution.

What was the main idea of the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government, reflecting fears of tyranny, but ultimately proved ineffective in addressing national issues.

Who were the loyalists and what did they believe?

Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, believing in the benefits of remaining part of the British Empire.

What was the impact of the Proclamation of 1763?

The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains, aiming to stabilize relations with Native Americans and limit conflicts.