ALL OF HEIMLER'S VIDEOS (APWH)

Confucianism

A philosophy emphasizing hierarchical relationships in society and filial piety, revived by the Song Dynasty rulers in East Asia.

Filial piety

The practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents, a key aspect of Confucian teachings in the Song Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

A blend of Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist ideas, influencing the Song Dynasty rulers in East Asia.

Imperial bureaucracy

A system in the Song Dynasty where positions were awarded based on merit through civil service exams to ensure obedience to the emperor's rule.

Foot binding

A practice in the Song Dynasty that restricted women's movements by making their feet smaller, particularly prevalent in elite societies.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism emphasizing compassion and devotion, available to all individuals in Chinese society.

Theravada Buddhism

The original form of Buddhism restricted to monks, practiced by a select few in Chinese society.

Four Noble Truths

Fundamental beliefs in Buddhism stating the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation.

Eightfold Path

Principles and practices in Buddhism that followers must adhere to, including moral conduct and meditation.

Widespread commercialization

The production and sale of excess goods in China during the Song Dynasty, utilizing paper money and credit practices.

Champa rice

A high-yield crop introduced in China during the Song Dynasty, leading to a population boom and increased agricultural output.

House of Wisdom

A center of learning in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam, responsible for translating and preserving ancient texts from Greek and Roman civilizations.

Hinduism

A dominant belief system in South Asia, characterized by polytheism and the concept of reincarnation.

Bhakti Movement

A Hindu movement encouraging worship of one god, rejecting the hierarchy of Hinduism, and promoting spiritual experiences for all individuals.

Sufism

A mystical and spiritual version of Islam, emphasizing personal experiences and available to all individuals.

Mississippian culture

A North American civilization known for its extensive mound-building projects and hierarchical society based on agriculture.

Swahili Civilization

A collection of city-states on Africa's east coast, known for their role in the Indian Ocean trade and the influence of Islam on their society.

Great Zimbabwe

A state in southern Africa that prospered through trade and controlled ports on the coast, importing gold and engaging in farming and cattle herding.

Feudalism

A system of allegiances between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights where land was exchanged to maintain loyalty and order.

Manorialism

A system where peasants (serfs) were bound to land, working in exchange for protection from the lord and his military forces.

Silk Roads

A network of roads and trails facilitating trade and cultural diffusion across Eurasia, mainly exchanging luxury items like Chinese silk.

Pax Mongolica

A period of peace and stability under Mongol rule, organizing the empire into khanates and adopting cultural norms of the ruled regions.

Indian Ocean Trade Network

A sea route network connecting states through trade, influenced by the collapse of the Mongol Empire and spread of Islam.

Trans-Saharan Trade Network

Trade routes connecting North Africa with West Africa, known for trading goods like gold, kola nuts, horses, and salt.

Cultural Diffusion

Spread of belief systems, art, technology, and crops through trade networks, impacting societies and fostering syncretism.

Ibn Battuta

A Muslim scholar who traveled extensively, documenting cultures, rulers, and places, contributing to cross-cultural understanding.

Environmental Effects

Impact of trade on agriculture and diseases, such as the diffusion of crops like bananas and Champa rice, and the spread of the Bubonic Plague.