CPH3900 Exam 2

Whole Community Approach Definition

means by which people can understand the needs of their communities and determine the best ways to organize and strengthen their assets, capacities, and interests

CDC PHEP cooperative agreement

provides funds to health departments to develop EOPs and EOCs

An Event is

something we prepare for, actively engaged in

An Incident is

Something that happens, usually unexpected

Doing a Whole Community Approach builds a more effective path to

societal security and resilience

Hazard

threat of harm

Risk

expectation of loss

Vulnerability

propensity of things to be damaged

What is a relative risk score

representation of the total risk to the affected community

Natural hazard examples

tornado, flood, epidemic, landslide, wildfire

Technological hazard examples

airplane crash, dam failure, train derailment, HAZMAT release, power failure

Human caused hazard examples

civil disturbance, sabotage, cyber events, terrorist attacks, school violence

WMD

weapons of mass destruction

CBRNE

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive

Chemical warfare

a chemical substance that directly harms or kills

Types of chemical agents (Nonliving, manufactured chemicals)

Nerve, blister, choking, blood, riot control, psychotomimetic agents, toxins

Nuclear weapons

involve fission, instantly destroy people/buildings, chances of survival is minimal

Radiologic event

nonexplosive radiological device, improvised nuclear device, dispersal device, damage to nuclear reactor

Biological warfare

military use of bio agent for death or harm, govt, armed forces, defense resources

Bioterrorism

threat or use of a biological agent to harm or kill, civilian population or resources

Agroterrorism

affects agricultural industry or food supply

Types of Biological Agents

Bacteria, viruses, and toxins

Bacteria

free-living unicellular organisms

Viruses

the core of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein, require host to replicate, small

Toxins

toxic substances produced by living organisms

Ideal properties of bioagents

High toxicity, fast acting, predictable, survive outside host, indestructible by purification, susceptible to medical countermeasures for the attacker but not victims

Bioagents classification system creation

Created by 1999 CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup

Bioagents category A

Bioterrorism agents, highest priority pathogens, and highest threat

Bioagents category B

second highest threat, food/water borne, less associated morbidity (salmonella, q fever, cholera)

Bioagents category C

emerging pathogens, agents resistant to countermeasures (Nipah and Hanta)

Criteria used to classify bioagents

availability, progressed technology, inexpensive, ease of dissemination, the difficulty of detection, lethality

Category A biological threats

Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia, Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses, arenavirus)

The four chemicals according to the EPA that account for almost 30% of all deaths and serious injuries related to toxic industrial materials

Chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and anhydrous ammonia

direct impacts of disease on national security

affect armed forces readiness, proliferation to use as bioweapons, intentional spread of disease

indirect impacts of disease on national security

large scale morbidity/mortality, economic loss, political unrest, societal disruption, destabilization

Opportunities for Emerging Infectious Diseases

globalization, movement of peoples, animals, and goods, urbanization, changing human behaviors and land use

Plans need to include the key mission areas to address threats/hazards:

prevention, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation

Preparedness Cycle Components

Plan, organize/equip, train, exercise, evaluate

Preparedness Cycle: Plan

enables management of the life cycle of the crisis

Preparedness Cycle: Organize/Equip

Provides human and technical resources needed to build capabilities

Preparedness Cycle: Train

provides knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform tasks

Preparedness Cycle: Exercise

identify strengths and gaps within plans, policies and procedures for improvement

Preparedness Cycle: Evaluate/ Improve

Develop improvement plans to address gaps identified in exercises or real-world events

6 Steps in the Planning Process

Form team, understand situation, determine goals, plan development, plan preparation, plan implementation

Planning Process Step 1: Form a Collaborative planning team

engage the whole community

Planning Process Step 2: Understand the Situation

assess risks for informed decision making

Planning Process Step 3: Determine goals and objectives

leverage capabilities to establish priorities, goals, and objectives

Planning Process Step 4: Plan Development

develop solutions or course of action

Planning Process Step 5: Plan preparation, review, and approval

draft a plan and disseminate

Planning Process Step 6: Plan implementation and maintenance

review and update plan with changes

preparedness cycle use in planning

illustrates the way that plans are continuously evaluated and improved, creates EOP

Purpose of Emergency Operations Plans (EOP)

establishes overall authority, defines roles, and exercises to test the plan

how disasters can affect children:

The more directly exposed one is to a disaster, such as proximity, direct injury, and loss of home and/or loved ones….

the more symptoms one exhibits

how disasters can affect children: Different experiences can trigger acute and chronic toxic stress in children and lead to….

both acute and long-term psychological problems

Plans are \_____

living documents

Elements of personal preparedness

Make a plan, build a kit, get involved, be informed

Make a preparedness plan for

receiving warnings, sheltering, evacuation, and communications (phone numbers, meeting place)

Building a kit

Disaster supplies for home, work care, food/water, shelter

Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT)

educates volunteers in the community on basic disaster response skills enabling them to respond to a local disaster

how is a THIRA/SPR linked to the whole community approach in emergency preparedness planning

inform all other preparedness activities, help communities identify challenges, drive priorities, and close gaps

Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR)

done annually, helps to identify current capabilities and gaps in community preparedness

Three steps of SPR

assess capabilities, identify and address gaps, describe impacts of funding sources

The benefits of a Whole Community approach include

shared understanding of community risks, needs, and capabilities, increase in resources through the empowerment of community members, and more resilient communities

Planning Process lessons that Jana Schwartz shared from her experience and how they can be applied to public health response

culturally appropriate, identify champions, encourage unity, emotionally driven, exhausting, celebrate millstones, reflecting, measuring accomplishments, everyone has a role, learn new skills

Purpose of Emergency Operations Center (EOC)

central command and control facility

five functions in the EOC capability in the CDC Public Health Preparedness Capabilities

conduct assessment to determine need, activate ph response operations, develop incident response strategy, manage/sustain response, demobilize/evalate operations

Public Health Emergency Operations Center Network (EOC-NET) 2012

WHO initiative to promote best practices and help those without necessary resources to develop an EOC

80 20 rule

roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes