means by which people can understand the needs of their communities and determine the best ways to organize and strengthen their assets, capacities, and interests
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CDC PHEP cooperative agreement
provides funds to health departments to develop EOPs and EOCs
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An Event is
something we prepare for, actively engaged in
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An Incident is
Something that happens, usually unexpected
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Doing a Whole Community Approach builds a more effective path to
societal security and resilience
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Hazard
threat of harm
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Risk
expectation of loss
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Vulnerability
propensity of things to be damaged
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What is a relative risk score
representation of the total risk to the affected community
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Natural hazard examples
tornado, flood, epidemic, landslide, wildfire
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Technological hazard examples
airplane crash, dam failure, train derailment, HAZMAT release, power failure
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Human caused hazard examples
civil disturbance, sabotage, cyber events, terrorist attacks, school violence
military use of bio agent for death or harm, govt, armed forces, defense resources
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Bioterrorism
threat or use of a biological agent to harm or kill, civilian population or resources
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Agroterrorism
affects agricultural industry or food supply
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Types of Biological Agents
Bacteria, viruses, and toxins
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Bacteria
free-living unicellular organisms
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Viruses
the core of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein, require host to replicate, small
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Toxins
toxic substances produced by living organisms
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Ideal properties of bioagents
High toxicity, fast acting, predictable, survive outside host, indestructible by purification, susceptible to medical countermeasures for the attacker but not victims
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Bioagents classification system creation
Created by 1999 CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup
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Bioagents category A
Bioterrorism agents, highest priority pathogens, and highest threat
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Bioagents category B
second highest threat, food/water borne, less associated morbidity (salmonella, q fever, cholera)
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Bioagents category C
emerging pathogens, agents resistant to countermeasures (Nipah and Hanta)
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Criteria used to classify bioagents
availability, progressed technology, inexpensive, ease of dissemination, the difficulty of detection, lethality
The four chemicals according to the EPA that account for almost 30% of all deaths and serious injuries related to toxic industrial materials
Chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and anhydrous ammonia
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direct impacts of disease on national security
affect armed forces readiness, proliferation to use as bioweapons, intentional spread of disease
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indirect impacts of disease on national security
large scale morbidity/mortality, economic loss, political unrest, societal disruption, destabilization
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Opportunities for Emerging Infectious Diseases
globalization, movement of peoples, animals, and goods, urbanization, changing human behaviors and land use
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Plans need to include the key mission areas to address threats/hazards:
prevention, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation
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Preparedness Cycle Components
Plan, organize/equip, train, exercise, evaluate
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Preparedness Cycle: Plan
enables management of the life cycle of the crisis
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Preparedness Cycle: Organize/Equip
Provides human and technical resources needed to build capabilities
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Preparedness Cycle: Train
provides knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform tasks
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Preparedness Cycle: Exercise
identify strengths and gaps within plans, policies and procedures for improvement
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Preparedness Cycle: Evaluate/ Improve
Develop improvement plans to address gaps identified in exercises or real-world events
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6 Steps in the Planning Process
Form team, understand situation, determine goals, plan development, plan preparation, plan implementation
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Planning Process Step 1: Form a Collaborative planning team
engage the whole community
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Planning Process Step 2: Understand the Situation
assess risks for informed decision making
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Planning Process Step 3: Determine goals and objectives
leverage capabilities to establish priorities, goals, and objectives
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Planning Process Step 4: Plan Development
develop solutions or course of action
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Planning Process Step 5: Plan preparation, review, and approval
draft a plan and disseminate
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Planning Process Step 6: Plan implementation and maintenance
review and update plan with changes
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preparedness cycle use in planning
illustrates the way that plans are continuously evaluated and improved, creates EOP
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Purpose of Emergency Operations Plans (EOP)
establishes overall authority, defines roles, and exercises to test the plan
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how disasters can affect children:
The more directly exposed one is to a disaster, such as proximity, direct injury, and loss of home and/or loved ones….
the more symptoms one exhibits
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how disasters can affect children: Different experiences can trigger acute and chronic toxic stress in children and lead to….
both acute and long-term psychological problems
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Plans are \_____
living documents
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Elements of personal preparedness
Make a plan, build a kit, get involved, be informed
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Make a preparedness plan for
receiving warnings, sheltering, evacuation, and communications (phone numbers, meeting place)
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Building a kit
Disaster supplies for home, work care, food/water, shelter
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Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT)
educates volunteers in the community on basic disaster response skills enabling them to respond to a local disaster
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how is a THIRA/SPR linked to the whole community approach in emergency preparedness planning
inform all other preparedness activities, help communities identify challenges, drive priorities, and close gaps
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Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR)
done annually, helps to identify current capabilities and gaps in community preparedness
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Three steps of SPR
assess capabilities, identify and address gaps, describe impacts of funding sources
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The benefits of a Whole Community approach include
shared understanding of community risks, needs, and capabilities, increase in resources through the empowerment of community members, and more resilient communities
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Planning Process lessons that Jana Schwartz shared from her experience and how they can be applied to public health response
culturally appropriate, identify champions, encourage unity, emotionally driven, exhausting, celebrate millstones, reflecting, measuring accomplishments, everyone has a role, learn new skills
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Purpose of Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
central command and control facility
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five functions in the EOC capability in the CDC Public Health Preparedness Capabilities
conduct assessment to determine need, activate ph response operations, develop incident response strategy, manage/sustain response, demobilize/evalate operations
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Public Health Emergency Operations Center Network (EOC-NET) 2012
WHO initiative to promote best practices and help those without necessary resources to develop an EOC
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80 20 rule
roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes