American Pageant Chapter 21 By Ashton Wong

How long did Lincoln envision the 75,000 militiamen called on April 15, 1861 to serve for?

ninety days

Why did the confederates destroy the Merrimack into a few months of battle?

keep it from the grasp of advancing Union troops

What were the most successful blockade runners?

Where would they be built?

Where was a leading rendezvous of the ships?

How many of the speedy ships at one time rode at anchor?

gray-painted steamers;

Scotland;

West Indies port of Nassau, British Bahamas;

35

What cry did Northern newspapers raise sharing Lincoln's expectation of a quick victory?

"On to Richmond!"

How men of a union army were drilled near Washington?

When?

30,000;

summer of 1861

Where would Lincoln first attack a smaller Confederate force?

How miles southwest of Washington was it?

How many miles south was Richmond from Washington?

BULL RUN (Manassas Junction);

30 miles;

100

When did Yankee recruits swagger out of Washington toward Bull Run?

What did Congressmen and spectators trail along with?

July 21, 1861;

lunch baskets

Which general would stand like a stone wall on the attack on Bull Run until reinforcements arrived?

What nickname would they earn?

Thomas J. Jackson;

"stonewall"

What is the nickname for the battle at Bull Run?

"military picnic"

Why would victory at Bull Run be worst for the South than defeat?

Soldiers deserted, overconfident and thought war was over, enlistments fell off, preparations slackened

What was a major Union force near Washington called?

Which general would be given command of it that would cause Northern/Union hopes to brighten later in 1861?

Army of the Potomac;

General George B. McClellan

What color was McClellan's hair and mustache?

How old was he at the time he was given command?

What military academy was he from?

red;

34;

West Point;

What was McClellan dubbed as he was a student of warfare?

Which war would he first see fighting?

What overseas war was he an observer of?

"Young Napoleon";

Mexican War;

Crimean War in Russia

What did McClellan's men call/nickname him?

Why?

"Little Mac";

hated to sacrifice troops

Where would McClellan get intelligence reports from that was unreliable?

Pinkerton's Detective Agency

What would Lincoln accuse McClellan of having?

What would McClellan refer to Lincoln as?

"the slows";

a "baboon"

As McClellan would continue to drill his men without moving it toward Richmond, what would the Northern watchword become?

What song of the North would be made about McClellan?

"All Quiet Along the Potomac";

"Tardy George"

Where would McClellan's waterborne approach lie at?

What would the historic encounter be named?

peninsula formed by James and York Rivers;

PENINSULA CAMPAIGN

How many men did McClellan inch toward the Confederate capital with?

When?

100,000;

spring of 1862

How long would it take the McClellan to capture historic Yorktown?

a month

Who did Lincoln divert McClellan's anticipated reinforcements to chase?

Where?

"Stonewall" Jackson;

Shenandoah Valley

Whose Confederate's army completely rode around McClellan which frustrated him?

"Jeb" Stuart's Confederate calvary

Which general of the confederacy would launch a devastating counterattack on McClellan?

In what battles would this be?

When would it occur?

General Robert E. Lee;

Seven Days' Battles;

June 26-July 2, 1862

In the Seven Days' Battles, how many casualties did Lee's army suffer?

How many casualties did McClellan's army suffer?

20,000;

10,000

What are the six components of the Northern military plan?

Whose idea was the sixth component?

1. suffocate South by blockading coasts

2. liberate slaves which will undermine economic foundation of South

3. seize control of Mississippi River to cut Confederacy in half

4. send troops through Georgia and Carolina to cut Confederacy to pieces

5. capture capital at Richmond to decapitate South

6. try everywhere to engage enemy's main strength and grind it into submission;

Ulysses Grant

What were the most successful blockade runners?

gray-painted

How many miles of coast would be impossible for the hastily Northern navy for watertight patrol?

What converted boats would be part of the Northern Navy?

3500 miles;

Yachts and Ferryboats

Where would blockading by the North be concentrated on?

Principal ports and inlets where dock facilities were available for loading bulky bales of cotton

Where would gray-painted steamers take cargoes of arms from?

Where would they then leave with fraudulent papers for?

What would they return with a few days later?

How much would the profits mount to?

tramp steamers from Britain;

Halifax, Canada;

cargo of cotton;

700 percent

Where would Union squadrons pinch off leading Southern ports?

New Orleans to Charleston

Where would Yankee captains seize British freighters on, if laden with war supplies for Nassau?

What was the justification for the Yankees seizing the ships?

high seas;

"ultimately" destined for the Confederacy

What would London acquiesced in the disagreeable doctrine of regarding Northern blockades?

In what war did British blockaders take advantage of the same interpretation in the future?

"ultimate destination" or "continuous voyage";

World War One

What wooden U.S. warship in 1862 did resourceful Southerners raise and recondition?

What did they plate its sides with?

What was it renamed?

How many wooden ships did it easily destroy?

In what waters would it do that?

MERRIMACK;

old iron railroad rails;

|Virginia|;

two;

Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay

What Union ironclad would arrive on the scene on time against the Merrimack?

How long would it take to build?

How long would it fight the Merrimack to a standstill and when?

MONITOR;

100 days;

4 hrs, March 9, 1862

What was the MONITOR's nickname?

"Yankee cheesebox on a raft"

In what battle would Robert E Lee move northward to after breaking McClellan's assault on Richmond?

When would this be?

Whose federal force did he encounter?

Who would win?

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN;

August 29-30, 1862;

General John Pope;

Lee, inflicting a crushing defeat

Where would Lee thrust into after his victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run?

What did he hope to achieve?

Maryland;

foreign intervention and seduce Border States and sisters from Union

As Lee would enter Maryland, what critical battle would events converge toward?

Who did Lincoln restore to active command of the main Northern army for Maryland?

ANTIETAM Creek, Maryland (Battle of Antietam);

"Little Mac", McClellan

What would union soldiers find that would allow fortune to shone upon McClellan?

How many soldiers found it?

What would it be wrapped around?

Lee's battle plans;

two;

packet of 3 cigars

When did McClellan succeed in halting Lee at Antietam that would be known as the bitterest and bloodiest days of the war?

September 17, 1862

What proved that the Battle of Antietam was one of the decisive engagements of world history and of the Civil War?

British and French governments on verge of diplomatic mediation

What did the "victory" of the Battle of Antietam allow Lincoln to launch?

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

What would Wendel Phillips denounce Lincoln as?

"first-rate second-rate man"

When would Lincoln issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?

When would Lincoln issue the final proclamation?

September 23, 1862;

January 1, 1863

What act would Lincoln declare that he would go into history for?

Emancipation Proclamation

What did Lincoln call the civil war in the emancipation proclamation?

"remorseless revolutionary struggle"

What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare of the slaves in Confederate area still in rebellion?

"forever free"

What did the Emancipation Proclamation not affect?

How many slaves would be freed?

bondsmen in loyal border states, specific conquered areas in South by union;

800,000

What did one historian say about the Emancipation Proclamation document?

it had all moral grandeur of a bill of lading

What was the rate of Southern slaves that would run away to Union camps?

one in seven

What amendment would legally end slavery and free all slaves?

When would it be ratified?

THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT;

1865, eight months after the Civil War

What did antislavery editor Horace Greeley exult in his reaction to the proclamation?

In what newspaper?

"God bless Abraham Lincoln";

|New York Tribune|

Northerners from what region thought that Abraham Lincoln went too far?

"Butternut" region and Border States

Who did Border States decide to fight for?

union

What outcry from the South did the Emancipation Proclamation cause?

"Lincoln the fiend" was trying to stir up "hellish passions"

As the war department refused to accept free Northern blacks, what department would enroll blacks?

Union Navy

At the end of the war how many blacks served in the Union army?

What percent of the total enlistment did they account for?

What did the enlistment also include and who raised it?

180,000;

10%;

Massachusetts regiments by Frederick Douglass

How many engagements did black fighting men engage in?

What was the highest military award?

How many of the awards did they win?

How many of them died in war?

500;

Congressional Medals of Honor;

22;

38,000

When did the South recognize black fighting men as prisoners of war?

1864

In one notorious case, where were several black soldiers massacred after they had formally surrendered?

What did vengeful black units cry after this case as they swung into battle and vowed to take no prisoners?

Fort Pillow, Tennessee;

"Remember Fort Pillow"

What were slaves described as they kept the farms going while white men fought?

What war-activities were slaves forced into?

"the stomach of the Confederacy";

labor battalions, building of fortifications, supplying of armies

What did slaves insurrections necessitate to keep many eligible young white men from the front?

Confederate "home guards"

What group of slaves served as Union spies, guides, and scouts or provided shelter to escaped Northern prisoners of war?

"intelligent contraband"

How many slaves took the ultimate risk of revolting at the end of the war?

What did the revolt with?

half a million;

"with their feet"

Who did Lincoln replace McClellan as Commander of the Army of the Potomac with?

What did their ornate side-whiskers came to be known as?

General A. E. Burnside;

"burnsides" or "sideburns"

Where did Burnside launch a rash frontal attack on Lee's strong army proving his unfitness?

When?

How many Northern soldiers were killed?

What would this event be known as?

FREDERICKSBURG, Virginia;

December 13, 1862;

ten thousand;

"Burnside's Slaughter Pen"

Who did General Burnside yield his command to?

What was there nickname?

Joseph Hooker;

"Fighting Joe"

Where did Lee divide his forces to attack the Union Flank?

When?

Who would he send to attack the union flank?

Chancellorsville, Virginia;

May 2-4, 1863;

"Stonewall" Jackson

How did Jackson die?

What did Lee lament in response to General Jackson's death?

shot by his own men;

"I have lost my right arm"

Where would Lee to prepare to invade the North through again after the attack on Chancellorsville?

Who would be aroused from his sleep with the unwelcome news that they would replace Hooker?

How many days before battle would this happen?

What time was he awoken?

Pennsylvania;

General G. Meade;

three days;

2 am

Where did Meade take his stand atop a low ridge flanking a shallow valley near?

How many men would he have with him?

How many men did Lee have with him on the attack?

How long would the battle last and when?

GETTYSBURG, Pennsylvania;

92,000;

76,000;

3 days, July 1-3, 1863

Which general's magnificent but futile charge broke the back of the Confederate attack on Gettysburg as well as the heart of the Confederate cause?

What was their charge known as?

George Pickett;

"high tide of the Confederacy"

As the Battle of Gettysburg raged, what near union line would a Confederate peace delegation move under a flag of truce towards?

Norfolk, Virginia

Who refused to allow Confederate peace mission to pass through Union lines?

How much longer would the Southerners fight after the defeat of Gettysburg?

Lincoln;

2 years

How long of an address did Lincoln read at Gettysburg when he journeyed there?

What was this address known as?

How long of a speech was it followed by and who was it from?

What was Lincoln's noble remarks branded by the London Times as?

What was Lincoln's noble remarks branded by Democratic editors as?

2 minutes;

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS;

two-hour speech by orator of the day, former president of Harvard;

"ludicrous";

"dishwatery" and "silly"

Events in the western theater of war provided Lincoln with what general?

Where was he a student from?

What did they distinguish themselves in while there?

What other subject did he do fairly well at?

Ulysses S. Grant;

West Point;

horsemanship;

mathematics

Where was Grant stationed at after fighting in the Mexican War?

What problem did he gain when stationed there?

When war came, where was he working at and how much would he gain a month?

isolated frontier posts;

drinking;

Father's Leather Store in Illinois

$50

Where did Grant's first signal success come in?

What forts would he capture after heavy fighting?

What rivers was it along?

When?

What did Grant bluntly demand after a confederate commander at Fort Donelson asked for terms?

What nickname would this give Grant?

Northern Tennessee theater;

FORT HENRY AND FORT DONELSON;

Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers;

February 1862;

"an unconditional and immediate surrender";

"Unconditional Surrender" Grant

What state would this Grant's triumph in Tennessee rivet more securely to the Union?

What strategically important regions did his triumph open the gateway to?

Kentucky;

region of Tennessee, Georgia, heart of Dixie

What did Grant attempt to capture to exploit his victory?

Where would it be?

Where would a Confederate force foil his plans?

When would they foil his plans?

junction of main Confederate North-south and east-west railroads;

Mississippi Valley at Corinth, Mississippi;

battle at SHILOH (just over Tennessee border from Corinth);

April 6-7, 1862

What did Lincoln insist after he resisted all demands for the removal of "Unconditional Surrender" Grant?

"I can't spare this man; he fights"

In the Spring of 1862, who was a flotilla commanded by from the West that would join with a Northern Army to strike the South?

What would they seize?

David G. Farragut;

New Orleans

Where was a backdoor with a narrowing entrance, left by Union gunboats ascending and descending the Mississippi, between?

What would flow through it?

VICKSBURG, Mississippi and Port Hudson, Louisiana;

Cattle and provisions from Louisiana and Texas

What fortress was the South's sentinel, protecting the lifeline to the western source of supplies?

Fortress of Vicksburg

Who was given command of the Union forces attacking Vicksburg and displayed rare skill in the teeth of grave difficulties that would also be his best fought campaign?

When would the city surrender?

What port would fall five days later?

Ulysses S. Grant;

July 4, 1863;

Port Hudson

In Lincoln's quaint phrase, the Father of Water at last flowed.... ?

"unvexed to the sea"

When did the Union victory at Vicksburg take place after the Confederate defeat at Gettysburg?

a day after

Where would reopening the Mississippi help quell the Northern peace agitation in?

What did confederate control of the Mississippi cut off from the region?

What would it add to the border section's shaky support for "abolition war"?

"Butternut Region";

trade routes;

economic pain

How did the twin victories of Gettysburg and Vicksburg tip diplomatic scales in favor of the North?

Britain stopped delivery of Laird Rams to Confederates;

France killed a deal for sale of 6 naval vessels to Richmond

Where would General Grant be transferred to after the victor of Vicksburg?

east Tennessee theater

In the east Tennessee theater, where would Confederates drive Union forces from and where did they drive them to?

from Chickamauga into the city of Chattanooga

When did Grant win a series of desperate engagements in the vicinity of Chattanooga?

What were some notable engagements that he won in the vicinity?

What invasion would be opened after the victories?

What title would Grant be rewarded after his victories?

November 1863;

Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain (the "Battle Above the Clouds";

invasion of Georgia;

general in chief

Who was Georgia's conquest entrusted to?

What color was their hair and beard?

What city would they capture in Georgia?

When?

When would they burn the city?

General William Tecumseh Sherman;

red;

Atlanta;

September 1864;

November 1864

How many miles off the country would General Sherman live after leaving his supply base?

Where would he later emerge at after weeks later on the sea?

What was one Northern song about the invasion on Georgia?

What would his invasion be known as?

250 miles;

Savannah;

"Marching Through Georgia";

SHERMAN'S MARCH

What was Sherman's army or men called?

How many of them were there?

How many miles swath of destruction through Georgia did they cut?

As they burned buildings, what would they only leave left unburnt?

"Blue Bellies";

60,000;

60 miles;

blackened chimneys ("Sherman's Sentinels")

What did the "Blue Bellies" tear apart and heat them red-hot?

What did they twist them into?

What did they Bayonet and run off with?

railroad rails;

"iron doughnuts" and "Sherman's hairpins";

family portraits and ran off with valuable "souvenirs"

What did General Sherman admit?

How did he prove it?

"War... is all hell";

efforts to "make Georgia howl"

What was one of the major purposes of Sherman's March?

to destroy supplies destined for Confederate army

weaken morale of the men at the front by waging war on their homes

What was Sherman a pioneer practitioner of?

What did Sherman do to the South that was attested by increasing number of Confederate desertions?

"total war";

"Sherminizing" the South

As the discipline of Sherman's army broke down, who engaged in an orgy of pillaging?

What nickname was Sherman given as he was universally damned in the South?

roving riffraff (Sherman's "bummers");

"Sherman the Brute"