11/16 Pearson Chapter 07

In glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is

Once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called

the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.

The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is

Among the products of glycolysis, which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions?

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

pyruvate is oxidized to 

CO2

In the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, one carbon atom is released as CO2. However, the oxidation of the remaining two carbon atoms-in acetate-to CO2 requires a complex, eight-step pathway-the citric acid cycle. Consider four possible explanations for why the last two carbons in acetate are converted to CO2 in a complex cyclic pathway rather than through a simple, linear reaction.

It is easier to remove electrons and produce CO2 from compounds with three or more carbon atoms than from a two-carbon compound such as acetyl CoA.

to function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Under anaerobic conditions (a lack of oxygen), the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA stops. 

ATP levels would fall at first, decreasing the inhibition of PFK and increasing the rate of ATP production.

Glucose utilization would increase a lot.

In the process of cellular respiration, what is consumed, and what is produced?

Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced. 

glycolysis

the citric acid cycle

oxygen

In addition to ATP, what are the products of glycolysis?

NADH and pyruvate

Which chemical process generates the ATP produced in the citric acid cycle?

substrate-level phosphorylation

Which statement below best describes the result of pumping hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A proton-motive force is generated.

How will a healthy individual's ATP production change during an eight-hour fast?

The individual's ATP production will not change significantly.

Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s) in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

the electron transport chain

Which statement best supports the hypothesis that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on Earth?

Glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

During intense exercise, as human muscle cells switch from respiration to fermentation, the cells will increase their catabolism of which of the following energy-containing molecules?

carbohydrates only

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration?

The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP.

What effect does the mutation have on the amount of ATP synthesized during cellular respiration?