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AP World History
Song Dynasty
a Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 (known for cultural achievements and technological innovations)
China’s economic revolution
rapid population growth, economic speculation, increase in industrial production and innovations during the Song Dynasty
Hangzhou
the capital during the Song Dynasty (described as a great and luxurious place)
foot binding
the Chinese custom of breaking and tightly binding the feet of young girls in order to change the shape and size of their feet
Abbasid Caliphate
an Arab dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world
Ottoman Empire
an Islamic state in northwestern Anatolia that ruled large areas of the Middle East
Byzantine Empire
the eastern half of the Roman Empire (thrived when Rome fell)
Constantinople
the new capital of the eastern half of the Roman Empire (highly defensible and economically important)
Crusades
a series of Christian religious wars conducted against infidels (non-believers)
Roman Catholic Church
Christian faith that was centered around Rome under the authority of the Pope
European Renaissance
a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be the “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture
Maya Civilization
an ancient mesoamerican civilization that thrived in the Yucatán Peninsula and Central America from around 2000 BCE to 1500 CE
Aztec Empire
a mesoamerican civilization that existed from 1345 to 1521 in what is now Mexico (rich mythology, impressive architecture, complex social structure)
Inca Empire
a vast political entity in western South America from the fifteenth to the sixteenth century
bureaucracy
a system of government in which most important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected officials
innovation
the development and application of new methods, tools, or systems that improve efficiency and effectiveness in various fields
state
a political entity with defined territorial boundaries that exercise authority over a population through institutions such as governments and laws
tribute
a method used by empires to maintain control over their territories
feudalism
a political and economic system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty
decentralized monarchy
a political system where a king or queen holds nominal power, but significant authority rests with regional lords or nobles
manorial system
the economic system dependent upon serfdom, indentured labor, and the complex political network of alliances of feudalism
serfdom
a modified form of slavery or forced labor
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