SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE

Chemical Property

When a substance change into another substance but the process isn’t reversible (Flamibility, Change in color, Change in smell, Solid Formation, Gas Production).

Physical Property

When a substance change into another substance but the process is reversible (Color, Density, Smell, Form changes, Melting point)

Solid

Definite shape, definite volume, particles can’t move but packed together.

Liquid

shape of container, definite volume, closely packed particles but can move past each other.

Gas

Shape of container, volume of container, molecules move freely in container.

Amorphous Solid

Amorphous solid is particles that aren't arranged in a normal pattern.

Crystalline Solid

Crystalline solid is particles in a certain PATTERN

The red arrow means_______

Melting process

The blue arrow means_______

Freezing process

The green arrow means_______

Evaporation (Phase change)

The yellow arrow means_______

Condensation

In an exothermic reaction, heat is being _____

released

In an endothermic reaction, heat is being_____

absorbed (taken in)

This is an ______ graph

exothermic

A word that means to start a reaction is_____

Activation Energy

What can be used to lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Catalyst

This is a ______ graph

Endothermic reaction

In an endothermic reaction change in H is always

Positive

Sodium Cloride dissolving in water is an endo process, which means the temperature ______

decreases

__***Photosynthesis***__ is an __***endothermic***__ reaction because_______

reactants combine chemically to produce new substances

__***Cellular respiration***__ is an __***exothermic***__ reaction because_____

when carbon reacts to oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide.

What happens to the temperature and the molecules of an __endothermic__ reaction?

More energy is being taken in. Temperature gets warmer while molecules move faster

What happens to the temperature and the molecules of an __endothermic__ reaction?

Less energy is being used to release. Temperature gets colder while molecules move slower

when ice melts, it is called an _____ reaction. Explain.

endothermic, ice gets heat up by warm air, water gets colder, and heat goes to cold areas.

Conduction

direct heat contact (hot to cold through direct touch)

Convection

Transfer of heat by movents/cycle (when boiling water, heat from the bottom rises to the top, colder water from the top sinks)

Radiation

Transfer of heat/energy by electromagnetic waves (heat/energy is being transfer by air)

A reaction that causes temperature of the surroundings to decrease is

Endothermic

Opposite of evaporation is

condensation

Example of mechanical energy is

after the car takes in \**chemical energy*\* (gas), it is drivable (mechanical energy)

Example of electromagnetic energy is

Microwave

Example of thermal energy is

Water boils or melting ice cream

Label F and G

F is reaction progress. G is Chemical energy

Label A

Activation energy

Label B

Energy absorbed

Label C

Energy released

Label D and R

D=reactants, E=Products

This equation “__*Reactants→Products + Energy (heat)”*__ represents ______ reaction

Exothermic

This equation “__*Reactants + Energy (heat) → Products”*__ represents ______ reaction

Endothermic

What causes water to condense?

Heat that surrounds it