Kalam
Theology
Ma’rifa
Knowledge of God
Taqwa
Awareness of God
Dhikr
Remembrance of God
Fikr
Reflection
Hadith
Traditions of the Prophet (SAW)
Hadith Gabriel
Angel Gabriel visited the Prophet (SAW) and asked about 3 key areas: Islam, Iman and Ihsan which led to Fiqh, Aqida and Tassawuf
Islam
Five pillars
Testify the oneness of God, perform prayer, give zakat, fast in ramadaan + perform pilgrimage
Iman
True faith → The six beliefs
Believe in Allah (SWT), His angels, His inspired books, His messengers, the last day and the destiny of good and evil.
Ihsan
Excellence/perfection of faith
One must have good character in public + private as well as good knowledge of the religion
Sa’at
moment/time
Ahl al Sunnah as’l Jam’ah
Those who follow Sunnah and understand/follow what the Prophet (SAW) has done
Fiqh
Islamic jurisprudence (legal rulings)
Madhhab
A legal school → 4 main madhabs are hanafi, shafi, maliki, hanbali
Aqida
Islamic theology
Tassawwuf
Islamic spirituality
Tariqah
Spiritual path
Arkan
Requirements/devotional duties of Islam
Amal
Hope
to be hopeful for something
to wish for something
to expect/manifest for something to happen
Haq
truth
Kufr
Disbelief, to be a non-believer
Nifaaq
To do be hypocritical but remain within the faith
The day of the covenant
The day that marked the beginning of creation in Islam
Anthropomorphism
Giving God human traits/qualities
Tafwid
Transferring the meaning of the verses completely to Allah (SWT) without trying to figure them out
Ta’wil
Figurative interpretation in a manner that suits Allah (SWT)
Mukhamat
Foundation of the book verses → clear/definite meaning verses
Mutashabihat
Ambiguous verses
Tasfir
Interpretation
Jalal
Majestic qualities of Allah (SWT) that invoke awe + fear
Jamal
Beautiful attributes of Allah that inspire hope
Marifah
Knowledge of God
Kalam
Theology
Qalb Saleem
Sound Heart
Tawrah
The torah → revealed by Moses
Zabur
The psalms (Bible’s old testament)
Revealed by David
Injil
The Gospel (Bible’s New Testament)
Revealed by Jesus
Risalah
Prophethood → The chain of communication between mankind & Allah (SWT)
Surah Kahf (18:109)
“If the sea were ink for (writing) the Words of my Lord, surely, the sea would be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would be finished, even if We brought (another sea) like it for its aid.”
Allah (SWT) is too great and almighty that even if it was a short sentence, one sea would not be enough to relay the correct and proper message that is given by Allah (SWT)
Imam Al-Haddad
“Do not delve too deeply into theology and do not discuss it much with the aim of truly acquiring knowledge, for it cannot be obtained through that science.”
It can only be obtained through travelling, meditating on verses + hadiths, reflection of heaven and earth, refine the soul, reduce the soul’s densities though discipline.
Imam Al-Bukhari
“The difference between the one who remembers God and the one who foes not is like the difference between the living and the dead.”
Abu Bakr as-siddiq
“Your inability to comprehend God is your comprehension of God.”
Habib al-Rahman Balfiqh
“Many humans are not even human and the only element of humanity they posses is in their outward form.”
Humans now are more inhumane and do not care for one another
13 key attributes of God
Hayat → life
‘Ilm → knowledge
Sam’ → Hearing
Basr → sight
Iradah → will
Quradah →power
Kalam → speech
Wujud → being
Qidam → beginninglessess
Baqa’ → endlessness
Wahdaniyyah → oneness
Qiyam bil nafs → self-subsistence
Mukhalifah lil hawadith → absolute dissimilarity to created things
Tanzeeh
Allah’s (SWT) transcendence
Laysa Kamithlihi shay
“There is nothing like Him (Allah (SWT))
Imam Shafi
“I believe in what has come form Allah (SWT) as it was intended by Allah (SWT), and I believe in what has come from the Messenger of Allah (SAW) as ut was intended by the Messenger of Allah.”
Quran 13:28
“Verily in the remembrance of God do hearts find peace.”
Belief in Angels (Ghulam Sarwar)
A special creation of Allah + have been created from divine light to perform special duties
They only have the powers and qualities to carry out their duties + do not have free will. They can only obey Allah and do not carry any sins
We cannot see them unless they appear in human form
Angels called the ‘Honourable recorders’ leave nothing unrecorded
Belief in Angels (Faraz Rabbani)
Belief and affirmation in Allah’s angels
They cannot eat, drink, have a gender, disobey Allah + do anything else other than what they are commanded.
Belief in Holy Books (Ghulam Sarwar)
A Muslim believes in all the revealed books mentioned in the Quran.
Only the Quran remains unchanged + contains Allah’s guidance in it’s original form. The language, is unchanged and undistorted. The Message of the Quran is valid until judgement day
The original Tarwah, Zabur + Injil no longer exist and have been heavily altered + distorted. They are a mixture of divine + human words
The Bible has been translated into English from Hebrew + Greek which includes many humans additions that are incorrect. There are many misleading conceptions and false prophet accounts
The message of Allah was either lost or distorted due to the neglect of their followers
Quran (4:80)
“Anyone who obeys the Messenger has obeyed God.”
Belief in the Prophets/Messengers (Faraz Rabbani)
The first messenger was Adam (SAW) & the last was Muhammad (SAW)
Every Messenger has 5 attributes: truthfulness, trustworthiness, conveying the message, intelligence & sinlessness. Anything other than this is impossible for them
Muhammad (SAW) is distinguished through traits such as: being the best of messengers, being sent to all of mankind & jinn, he was the last of the messengers, there are none after him
Belief in Prophets/Messengers (Ghulam Sarwar) (1)
Risalah is the communication between Allah and humanity. Through this, Allah provides guidance for living a righteous life, promising rewards for those who follow His path and contribute to a peaceful world.
This guidance has been delivered through Prophets (SAW), who taught, guided, and trained people to worship and obey Allah alone.
All Prophets (SAW) conveyed the same core message: Allah is one, and only He should be worshipped, rejecting all false gods.
Quran (25:2)
“The destiny of every creature is already known to Allah.”
Man is unable to understand and interpret many of Allah’s actions, a human’s job is to live their lives according to God’s law and with the constant awareness that we are being watched & will be help accountable
Belief in the Predestination/Destiny (Faraz Rabbani)
Everyone will die + be resurrected. Belief in heaven & hell, the scale, the path, the questioning, the reckoning, the recompense, punishment + torment for unbelievers are all true
Good, evil, benefit + harm, determination + destiny are by Allah’s knowledge, will, creation and determining.
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabuisi
“Nothing happens except by the will & permission of Allah, and Allah only permits the good… for He said ‘Whatever of good befalls you it is from Allah.’ Thus, if he wills to create evil, He gives permission to the lower selves of man to will evil, who only then can wish evil and then He creates it.”
Predestination (Ghulam Sarwar)
Allah is the complete controller of the universe and is all knowing of everything that will happen and what will be.
It is He who decides the fate of human beings, even with free will. We must pay attention to the guidance that is given to us and worship Allah.
Quran (51:56)
“And I have created the jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me.”
Belief in Life After Death (Faraz Rabbani)
Everyone will die and then be resurrected
Belief in heaven + Hell, the scale, the path, the questioning, the reckoning, the recompense, punishment + permanent torment for the unbelievers
Quran (7:172)
“When your Lord took out the offspring from the loins of the children of Adam and made them bear witness about themselves, He said, ‘Am I not your Lord?’ And they replied, ‘Yes, we bear witness.’ So you cannot say on the day of Resurrection, ‘We were not aware of this.’”
Yawmuddin
Day of judgement
Mizan
Balance/scale
Sirat
The bridge
Hawd
Lake
Shafa’a
The intercession