Classifying Organisms copy

Convenience

Classification is primarily for

Grouping organisms

allows scientists to organize information and characteristics

rather than listing random facts.

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms is called

Aristotle

The first person to classify organisms

six, appearance

He classified into ___ groups based on __________

overlapping groups, some not fitting in

Issues with the first classifying method

Carolus Linneaus

Swedish botanist that created a better way to classify living things

hierarchy of groups

Used to show similarities between organisms

Katie plays chess over Fredrick's gay snake

organism grouping acronym

Kingdom

K- katie

Phylum

P- plays

Class

C- chess

Order

O- over

Family

F- fredrick's

Genus

G- gay

Species

S- snake

binomial nomenclature

Linneaus' most important contribution

the same name was used for different organisms

Why common names were problematic

species, Latin

In binomial nomenclature, each _______ is given 2 ________ names- genus & species.

It's a dead language, so it would be consistent

Why was latin used in binomial nomenclature

interbreed

organisms in the same species can ________

larger groups

These groups are harder to determine

similarities and differences between species

larger groups are based on this:

plants and animals

Original 2 kingdoms of organisms

technology and scientific discoveries

This is what caused additional kingdoms to be added

Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain bacteria contains...

Archaebacteria

Domain archaea contains...

Eukarya

Protista, fungi, plantae and animalia are part of domain...

phylogeny

the study of evolutionary history and the possible relationships

between organisms.

descent, modification

Darwin's theory of ________ with __________ led to the modern science of phylogeny

phylogenic

These relationships are illustrated in a cladogram or ____________ tree.

taxa

groups of organisms at the top of the phylogenic tree

derived characters

features of organisms on phylogenic tree (cladogram)

left to right, more advanced on the right

How to read a cladogram

at a node

where do groups diverge from a common ancestor

clade

a group comprised of an ancestor and ALL of its descendants.

fossils, extinct

_______ provide evidence of common ancestors that are _______

few, fossils, ancient

Although only a ___ organisms leave ______ behind, they can provide lots of information about _________ species.

Mold, cast, trace, and preserved body parts

The four kinds of fossils are:

Mold fossil

an imprint in rock shaped like an organism

Cast fossil

a mold filled with minerals that creates a model

Trace fossil

fossils of tracks, feces, toothmarks, etc. showing behavior

Preserved body parts

organisms or parts fully preserved in tree sap, tar, or ice

Relative dating, radiometric dating

Two methods to determine fossil age

Index fossils

These can be used to give an approximate age

Law of superposition

The oldest rock layers are at the bottom and newest layers are at the top.

Radiometric dating

this allows scientists to estimate the age of a fossil based on the amount of certain radioactive isotopes found in the fossil.

The rate at which the isotope decays

One piece of info needed for radiometric dating

How much of the isotope is left in the fossil

Another piece of info needed for radiometric dating

half-life

The rate at which half of the isotope degrades

Background extinction

When a species doesn't adapt to a changing environment, it may become extinct.

Mass extinction

a large event causes many species to die around the world.

fossil, mutation

________ and the rate of _________ in DNA provide evidence

showing how quickly evolution occurs.

Gradualism

Darwins theory that evolution occurs slowly

punctuated equilibrium

species often evolve rapidly followed by periods of little change (stasis).

Rapid change

After mass extinction, surviving organisms go through