Untitled Flashcard Set

Griffith's Experiment

Tested if proteins or DNA contained genetic material using two strains of pneumonia (Strain R and Strain S).

Strain R

Nonpathogenic strain of pneumonia used in Griffith's Experiment.

Strain S

Pathogenic strain of pneumonia used in Griffith's Experiment.

Conclusion of Griffith's Experiment

DNA contains genetic material, as Strain R absorbed DNA from heated Strain S.

H.J. H Muller

Conducted experiments to create mutations using radiation, focusing on horseflies.

Oswald Avery

Expanded Griffith's experiment, showing that DNA is the transformation factor.

Chargaff's Rules

1. Amount of A, T, C, G varies between species. 2. In each species, %A=%T and %C=%G.

Hershey-Chase Experiment

Determined whether protein or DNA was genetic material by using bacteriophages labeled with radioactive isotopes.

Watson & Crick

Modelled DNA structure as a double helix using data from Franklin and Wilkins.

Lederberg & Tatum's Experiment

Confirmed sexual reproduction in bacteria through mixed strains that formed new colonies.

Bernard Davis (U-Tube experiment)

Proved that bacterial DNA transfer was through sexual reproduction, not dead DNA uptake.

William Hayes

Determined that gene transfer occurs in one direction among bacteria due to fertility factors.

Jacob & Monod

Discovered promoter sequences in DNA that initiate RNA transcription.

Meselson & Stahl Experiment

Demonstrated DNA replication as semiconservative using heavy nitrogen in DNA.

Gene Linkage (Morgan’s Lab)

Discovered that genes located close together on a chromosome are more likely to be inherited together.

Kornberg's Discovery

Identified DNA polymerase as the enzyme that synthesizes DNA.

Altman & Cech

Theorized that RNA stored genetic information before DNA.