World War 2 Flashcards

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<p>FDR</p>

FDR

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<p>FDR</p>
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<p>FDR</p>

FDR

  • Strategy was defeating Germany 1st

  • Met with allies "The Big Three" during the war at conferences like Casablanca, Cairo, Tehran, and Yalta

  • Signed Executive Order 9066 which authorized internment of 110,000 "Issei" and "Nisei" (2nd Gen. Japanese Americans)

  • Said US would be an "Arsenal of Democracy"

  • Died April 12, 1945

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<p>Harry S. Truman</p>
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<p>Harry S. Truman</p>

Harry S. Truman

  • Ordered Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945

  • 33rd President (1945-1953

  • 3rd Vice President to serve with FDR

  • Took office after FDR death

  • Though new to office, he led America and presided of VE Day and VJ Day

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<p>Admiral Chester Nimitz</p>
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<p>Admiral Chester Nimitz</p>

Admiral Chester Nimitz

  • Turned around US's fortune in Battle of Midway

  • Kamikaze attacks off Okinawa led him to resist plans to invade mainland Japan

  • After Pearl Harbor, he took command of US Navy in Pacific

  • Closed war with operations in the Leyte Gulf and Okinawa

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<p>General Douglas MacArthur</p>
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<p>General Douglas MacArthur</p>

General Douglas MacArthur

  • He promised "I shall return" after being ordered by FDR to abandon the Philippines

  • His strategy of maneuver, island hopping, result in fewer casualties under his command

  • Returned to the Philippines in 1945

  • Presided over Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay on Sept. 2, 1945

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<p>Dori Miller</p>
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<p>Dori Miller</p>

Dori Miller

  • The 1st black person to be awarded the Navy Cross

  • Mess attendant assigned to USS West Virginia

  • Hero of the pearl harbor attack

  • His bravery as heavily publicized in black press making him an emblem of the war for blacks

  • Killed in 1943 when the Japanese sank his ship

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<p>Henry Kaiser</p>
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<p>Henry Kaiser</p>

Henry Kaiser

  • Nicknamed "Sir Launchalot" because his shipyard could build an entire ship in 14 days

  • American Industrialist that became known as the Father of modern American Shipbuilding

  • Established Kaiser Shipyards on West Coast which built liberty ships to transport supplies and equipment for war

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<p>Audie Murphy</p>
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<p>Audie Murphy</p>

Audie Murphy

  • Most decorated American soldier in WW2

  • Received Congressional Medal of Honor

  • His story is basis of the film "To Hell and Back"

  • Enlisted at 17

  • Received battlefield promotions

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<p>General Dwight Eisenhower</p>
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<p>General Dwight Eisenhower</p>

General Dwight Eisenhower

  • Commander of SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters American Expeditionary Forces)

  • Led operation torch (an invasion of North Africa)

  • Picked by FDR to head liberation of Europe on Eastern front

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<p>Jacqueline Cochran</p>
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<p>Jacqueline Cochran</p>

Jacqueline Cochran

  • Contributor to formation Women Airforce Service Pilots

  • Aviator

  • Supervised training of hundreds of women who flew planes from the factories to frontlines

  • Holds more records than any other pilot dead or alive

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<p>Virginia Hall</p>
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<p>Virginia Hall</p>

Virginia Hall

  • Spy for OSS (Office of Strategic Services)

  • Nicknamed Artemis

  • Reported as "the most dangerous of all Allied spies" by the Gestapo (German Secret Police)

  • Forerunner of Central Intelligence Agency

  • Smuggled into France before D-Day to organize resistance fighters

  • Awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism

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<p>Oveta Culp Hobby</p>
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<p>Oveta Culp Hobby</p>

Oveta Culp Hobby

  • Director of the WACs (Women's Army Corps) which was created to fill the gaps due to shortage of men

  • WACs were the 1st women other than nurses to be in Army uniform

  • Achieved rank of colonel

  • First women in the Army to receive Distinguished Service Medal

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<p>Veronica Lake</p>
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<p>Veronica Lake</p>

Veronica Lake

  • Publicly restyled her "peek-a-boo" hairstyle because she feared that the thousands of women copying her hair were endangering themselves

  • Accident rates for women fell 22% after her heroic haircut

  • Movie Star

  • Endured a famous haircut for patriotism

  • Her movie career never really recovered

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<p>Charles Lindbergh</p>
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<p>Charles Lindbergh</p>

Charles Lindbergh

  • Leader in anti-war America First movement

  • FDR refused to reinstate his Army Air Corps commission that he had resigned in April 1941

  • After Pearl Harbor, he flew 50 combat missions in Pacific as a civilian advisor to Air Force

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<p>Robert Oppenheimer</p>
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<p>Robert Oppenheimer</p>

Robert Oppenheimer

  • He served as director of the Los Alamos Laboratory during the development of atomic bomb "the Manhattan Project"

  • Physicist

  • Angered by use of 2nd atomic bomb on Nagasaki

  • Said "I am become death, the destroyer of worlds." after testing the a-bomb

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<p>Anthony McAuliffe</p>
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<p>Anthony McAuliffe</p>

Anthony McAuliffe

  • Acting division commander of 101st Airborne Division (Screaming Eagles)

  • Defended Bastogne, Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge

  • Famous for saying "Nuts" in response to German Surrender Ultimatum

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<p>A. Philip Randolph</p>
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<p>A. Philip Randolph</p>

A. Philip Randolph

  • Led March on Washington, convincing FDR to issue Executive Order 8802 in 1941, banning discrimination in defense industries during WW2

  • Led 1st predominantly black labor union

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<p>General Mark Clark</p>
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<p>General Mark Clark</p>

General Mark Clark

  • Commander of US 5th Army in Italy

  • Ordered destruction of religious abbey at Monte Cassino

  • Captured Rome on June 5, 1944

  • Critics argued that his tactics led to high casualties

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<p>General George C. Marshall</p>
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<p>General George C. Marshall</p>

General George C. Marshall

  • Army Chief of Staff

  • Commander of US army during WW2

  • Chief Military adviser of FDR

  • Led the rapid growth of US forces , coordinated the Allies, and promoted post war reconstruction of Europe

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<p>Henry Stimson</p>
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<p>Henry Stimson</p>

Henry Stimson

  • Secretary of War to FDR (1940-1945)

  • Led charge calling for war on Germany

  • Oversaw the training 13 million soldiers/aviators

  • Supervised spending of 1/3 of nations GDP on Army and Air Forces

  • Took personal control of construction and use of atomic bomb

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<p>Fred Korematsu</p>
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<p>Fred Korematsu</p>

Fred Korematsu

  • December 1944, Supreme Court ruled 6-3 in Korematsu vs US that exclusion order was justifiable in times of "Emergency and Peril"

  • Challenged internship of Japanese-Americans

  • Japanese-Americans were imprisoned without right to a trial

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<p>General Curtis LeMay</p>
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<p>General Curtis LeMay</p>

General Curtis LeMay

  • Oversaw B-29 raids on Japan (US Army Air Corps)

  • Ordered bombers to strike at night using incendiary bombs

  • Firebombing Japanese cities created firestorms

  • High altitude bombing proved ineffective over Japan

  • March-August 1945, the raids killed around 330,000 Japanese

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<p>General George S. Patton</p>
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<p>General George S. Patton</p>

General George S. Patton

  • Commander of US 3rd Army "Old Blood and Guts"

  • Organized a relief operation to counter attack German Wehrmacht at the Battle of the Bulge

  • Aggressive General who was nearly fired for slapping a soldier for cowardice

  • Adopted German tactic of armored blitzkrieg

  • One of the most effective combat commanders of WW2

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<p>General Holland Smith</p>
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<p>General Holland Smith</p>

General Holland Smith

  • "Father" of modern US amphibious warfare

  • Led invasion of Iwo Jima

  • "Howlin' Mad"

  • Trained military in ship to shore warfare (major factor in successful US landings in Europe and Pacific

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<p>Jimmy Doolittle</p>
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<p>Jimmy Doolittle</p>

Jimmy Doolittle

  • The Doolittle Raid: Viewed as a major-morale building victory for US in opening months of Pacific War

  • Led top-secret attack on Tokyo by 16 B-25 bombers from aircraft carrier USS Hornet

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