AMST 100 Final Exam

Titus “Livy” Livius

Titus “Livy” Livius

the study of history is good for a sick mind

Alexis de Tocqueville

endorses American exceptionalism

American Exceptionalism

the United states alone has the right, whether by divine sanction or moral obligation, to bring civilization, or democracy, or liberty to the rest of the world, by violence if necessary

McClay

Pro American Exceptionalism, we want to avoid ancestor worship (filliopietism),

Draconian Code

Harsh, not a constitution but a list of rules

Massachusetts Body of Liberties

The first constitution/bill of rights, very liberal to our standards

Zinn

we have not been a shining city on a hill (massacre)

Mayflower Compact

the first social contract

pilgrims claim the land in the name of King James

The VA Company gives them a patent for the land

New England Confederation

Names the colonies - “the United Colonies of New England”

The Third Charter of Virginia

Granted to the VA Company

From King James

Gives them the right to the land

The Virginia Company

The founding of VA is religious and commercial

They believed that VA would be a source of natural wealth

Providence Agreement

First instance of separation of church and state

Quakers

Quakers are not big on the bible

There is no preacher at their services

They sit in silence and wait for God to speak to them

The quakers are

egalitarian and pacifists

William Penn

A quaker

The king gives him a big piece of land in America

Pennsylvania

Philadelphia - city of brotherly love

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Catholics fighting protestants

John Locke

Social Contract Theory

State of Nature

Social Contract Theory

people live in society in agreement of rules and certain behaviors

State of Nature

people lived without law and without government

they lived on force

State of Civil Society

Rules and Civilization

State of Government

Formation of Government and Law

Algernon Sidney

“The British Cassius”

He was executed for telling the king that God did not put him on the throne

Abigail and John Adams

“Remember the Ladies”

The VA Declaration of Rights

George Mason

Fullest toleration in the Exercise of Religion

Two Kinds of Rights

Natural: Human/Inalienable

Civil: Voting and Driving

James Madison

Makes the argument that religious rights are civil rights

George Washington

wanted to keep religious liberty

The Founder’s Axiom

(in a triangle morality, republic, religion)

“religion leads to republicanism, freedom leads to faith”

Hamilton

Federalist

Wants a big, forceful national government

Jefferson

Wants a smaller, centralized national government

George Washington

His farewell address was never spoken, it was put in newspapers

Abraham Lincoln

Young Men’s Lyceum Address

The greatest threat to American Security - lawlessness

The Articles of Confederation

First National Constitution (created a league-like government)

39th Federalist Paper

Written by James Madison (aka Publius)

• He wanted a composite government (a combination between a national and federal government)

Constitution of 1787

replaced the Articles of Confederation, that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. government and the tasks these institutions perform

Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Pro-Constitution 1787 and Anti-Constitution 1787

Abraham Lincoln pushed back against President James Polk

“Deeply Conscious of being in the Wrong”

Wiretapping (Al Gore Perspective)

Views wiretapping as a violation of American Citizens’ freedom (“brazen violation of the Constitution”)

Wiretapping (Andrew McCarthy Perspective)

supports the National Security Agency program of surveillance as an effective means of protecting our nation

What is wiretapping?

secret third government listener

Who was wiretapped?

Martin Luther King Jr.

A world free from wiretapping means

freedom from government intrusion

Israel Zangwill

“America is God’s crucible, the great Melting Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and reforming…”

Toqueville’s View on “The Melting Pot”

Tocqueville (like Zangwill and Chesterton) believes that there are lessons that the English can learn from America;

• Tocqueville sees and acknowledges what the British settlers have done to the Indian tribes (“a development so rapid as never been seen in any country, nor a destruction so rapid”)

• “When they have abolished slavery, the moderns still have to eradicate three much more intangible and tenacious prejudices: the prejudice of the master, the prejudice of race…”

Phyllis Wheatley

• Frontispiece to her Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, 1773)

• Her first name comes from the ship that brought her to America

• Language Prodigy

• Secures a publisher in England - wined and dined, meets everyone important - Published by an act of parliament

• Comes back to America and wins her freedom (comes back because Susanna Wheatley is ill)

George Washington to Phyllis Wheatley

• shows courtesy to Wheatley

• Invites her to come to his house for dinner

• Thomas Jefferson dismissed

Dred Scott v Sandford

• Mr. Scott was not entitled to be freed because the Founders never intended for African Americans to be U.S. citizens

• It followed that Scott did not and could not have standing before the court, event if he were a citizen of a free state

Dred Scott

escaped his master and ran to a free state, he was caught by his master. Scott argues that he should be free since he now lives in a free state. This case is taken to the Supreme Court

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Created from the Dred Scott Case

• Number of slave and free states must be equal (a balance)

• Taney ruled that slaves were property under the Fifth Amendment, and that any law that would deprive a slave owner of that property was unconstitutional

Roger B Taney (Chief Justice)

Justice on the Dred Scott Case (made the rulings and The Missouri Compromise)

Abraham Lincoln’s Speech Against the Dred Scott Case

• Background:

  • Runs for Senate in 1889 (Lincoln/Douglas Debates)

  • Popular Sovereignty

• Judicial Decisions have two uses

  • Determine the case decided

  • Determine how similar cases will be decided in the future

  • “Precendents” and “Authorities”

  • The court overrules its own decisions, work to see it overturn (peaceful means)

Garrison Called the Declaration of Independence What?

“A Glorious Liberty Document”

Declaration of Independence

• Declaration of Independence

• “A covenant with death {and} an agreement with hell”

• Filled with compromise (trans-atlantic slave trade)

  • Prohibit slavery

  • Tax for importation

Abraham Lincoln’s Response to Scott v Sandford

• Believed the decision was erroneous

• MLK - constant with our creed (all men created equal)

New Jersey Constitution (1776)

“All inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and  have resided within the county in which they claim a vote for twelve months immediately preceding the election”

New Jersey Election Statute (1790)

• He/She must vote in their city (not another one)

  • Free blacks and women vote in sizeable numbers

    • Overall, New Jersey was more liberal than the other states

Jeanette Rankin

• First female elected to U.S. House of Representatives (R, MT) April 2, 1917

Declaration of Sentiments pt. 1

Women wanted unalienable rights (the same as men). They wanted to convince people that women deserve the same rights. (the government is the audience)

What document was the declaration of sentiments derived from?

The Declaration of Independence (“We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal”)

Under the government

women have suffered and they are demanding the rights that they deserve

The Declaration of Sentiments and the Declaration of Independence both say that governments derive "their powers from the consent of the governed" (line 11). How were women prevented from giving their consent to the form of government under which they lived? Cite two details from the Declaration of Sentiments to support your answer.

because they weren't equal. It says she wasn't allowed to exercise her unalienable rights. She isn't allowed to vote. And she can't obey the laws if they aren't given to them.

Lines 32-40: What points does Stanton make in these lines that build a portrait of women as oppressed citizens?

He is saying that the government aren't letting them have their rights.

According to the Declaration, married women are "in the eye of the law, civilly dead." Because of this situation, married women did not have the ability to do what?

Women can't bring a lawsuit to court. Property goes to her husband.

Lines 59-61 of the Declaration, say, "He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments; and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but scant remuneration." What does this quote mean?

The government has taken over all money making jobs. And from those she is allowed to get she receives less pay

In what ways does the Declaration of Senriments describe a double standard of morality for men and women? Cite two details from the document to support your answer.

He has created a false image by giving the people a different code for men and women. Women in marriage had to obedient. Men where their masters.

James Madison to Edward Everett

The state does not have the authority to strike down a decision made by the Federal government

• Nullification: a state has the powerful to invalidate any law the state deemed unconstitutional

• No where in the Federalist Papers does it state that states can practice nullification

Frederick Douglas “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”

• It is a day that reveals to him that cruel, unjust treatment that slaves are constantly put through (a victim of)

• Douglas sees if slavery continues, it would be the death of America

• Uses “your” to separate whites and blacks

• Independence Day is hypocritical to slaves

Abraham Lincoln’s Speech at Independence Hall

• Expresses his deep feelings for the founders of USA and Dec of Independence

• Says his politics are influences by the Dec of Independence

• "I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence."

• "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world, if I can help to save it. If it cannot be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. But if this country cannot be saved without giving up that principle, I was about to say I would rather be assassinated on this spot than surrender it."

A H Stephens “Cornerstone Speech”

The Southern Confederacy seceded because of their desire to form a separate nation where there is an inequality of blacks and whites

Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greenley

• Lincoln believes that his duty as president is to restore the union no matter the effect it would have on slavery

• His personal wishes are for all men to be free

• Duty above personal wishes

• official duty and personal matter must stay separate because they can mess each other up

Gettysburg Address

• To encourage people to take action in improving the nation, honor those who does in the Battle of Gettysburg, and reuniting the north and south.

• “Unfinished work” - fighting to reunite the union

• “A new birth of freedom” - once the war is over, we can live together in peace and harmony