7 - Hormones and their Functions
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Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones
\- hypothalamus
• Target: Anterior pituitary
• Action: Stimulates/inhibits the release of specific pituitary hormones
• Target: Anterior pituitary
• Action: Stimulates/inhibits the release of specific pituitary hormones
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Thyroid
• Action: Stimulates production and secretion of thyroxine/thyroid hormone
• Target: Thyroid
• Action: Stimulates production and secretion of thyroxine/thyroid hormone
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Prolactin
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Mammary Gland
• Action: Stimulates milk production
• Target: Mammary Gland
• Action: Stimulates milk production
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Adrenal Cortex
• Action: Stimulates secretion of corticosteroids/stimulates adrenal glands to produce related steroid hormones
• Target: Adrenal Cortex
• Action: Stimulates secretion of corticosteroids/stimulates adrenal glands to produce related steroid hormones
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Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Action: Regulates melatonin production
• Action: Regulates melatonin production
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Endorphin
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Brain
• Action: Decreases pain
• Target: Brain
• Action: Decreases pain
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Growth Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates general body growth
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates general body growth
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Luteinizing Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Ovary
• Action: Stimulates ovulation, and production
• Target: Ovary
• Action: Stimulates ovulation, and production
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary
• Target: Ovary, Testes
• Action: Simulates ovarian follicle growth/sperm production
• Target: Ovary, Testes
• Action: Simulates ovarian follicle growth/sperm production
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Oxytocin
\- posterior pituitary
• Target: Mammary gland, Uterus
• Action: Stimulates milk production/uterine contraction
• Target: Mammary gland, Uterus
• Action: Stimulates milk production/uterine contraction
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Antidiuretic Hormone
\- posterior pituitary
• Target: Kidney
• Action: Increases water absorption/controls water loss in the kidneys
• Target: Kidney
• Action: Increases water absorption/controls water loss in the kidneys
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Thyroxine
\- thyroid
• Target: Most cells
• Action: Increases metabolic rate and growth
• Target: Most cells
• Action: Increases metabolic rate and growth
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Calcitonin
\- thyroid
• Target: Bones
• Action: Stimulates calcium uptake
• Target: Bones
• Action: Stimulates calcium uptake
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Parathyroid Hormone
\- parathyroid
• Target: Bones, Digestive tract
• Action: Stimulates calcium release into blood/calcium absorption
• Target: Bones, Digestive tract
• Action: Stimulates calcium release into blood/calcium absorption
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Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
\- adrenal glands
• Target: Circulatory and Respiratory System
• Action: Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar/breathing rate and clears airways
• Target: Circulatory and Respiratory System
• Action: Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar/breathing rate and clears airways
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Insulin
\- pancreas
• Target: Various Cells
• Action: Stimulate glucose uptake from blood
• Target: Various Cells
• Action: Stimulate glucose uptake from blood
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Glucagon
\- pancreas
• Target: Various Cells
• Action: Stimulate glucose release from cells into blood
• Target: Various Cells
• Action: Stimulate glucose release from cells into blood
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Estrogen
\- ovary
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates female development and behavior
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates female development and behavior
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Progesterone
\- ovary
• Target: Uterus
• Action: Stimulates growth of uterine lining
• Target: Uterus
• Action: Stimulates growth of uterine lining
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Testosterone
\- testes
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates male development and behavior
• Target: Various cells
• Action: Stimulates male development and behavior
Note 
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