7 - Hormones and their Functions

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Biology

3rd Quarter

10th

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20 Terms

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Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones
\- hypothalamus

• Target: Anterior pituitary

• Action: Stimulates/inhibits the release of specific pituitary hormones
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Thyroid

• Action: Stimulates production and secretion of thyroxine/thyroid hormone
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Prolactin
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Mammary Gland

• Action: Stimulates milk production
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Adrenal Cortex

• Action: Stimulates secretion of corticosteroids/stimulates adrenal glands to produce related steroid hormones
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Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Action: Regulates melatonin production
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Endorphin
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Brain

• Action: Decreases pain
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Growth Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Various cells

• Action: Stimulates general body growth
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Luteinizing Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Ovary

• Action: Stimulates ovulation, and production
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
\- anterior pituitary

• Target: Ovary, Testes

• Action: Simulates ovarian follicle growth/sperm production
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Oxytocin
\- posterior pituitary

• Target: Mammary gland, Uterus

• Action: Stimulates milk production/uterine contraction
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Antidiuretic Hormone
\- posterior pituitary

• Target: Kidney

• Action: Increases water absorption/controls water loss in the kidneys
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Thyroxine
\- thyroid

• Target: Most cells

• Action: Increases metabolic rate and growth
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Calcitonin
\- thyroid

• Target: Bones

• Action: Stimulates calcium uptake
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Parathyroid Hormone
\- parathyroid

• Target: Bones, Digestive tract

• Action: Stimulates calcium release into blood/calcium absorption
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Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
\- adrenal glands

• Target: Circulatory and Respiratory System

• Action: Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar/breathing rate and clears airways
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Insulin
\- pancreas

• Target: Various Cells

• Action: Stimulate glucose uptake from blood
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Glucagon
\- pancreas

• Target: Various Cells

• Action: Stimulate glucose release from cells into blood
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Estrogen
\- ovary

• Target: Various cells

• Action: Stimulates female development and behavior
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Progesterone
\- ovary

• Target: Uterus

• Action: Stimulates growth of uterine lining
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Testosterone
\- testes

• Target: Various cells

• Action: Stimulates male development and behavior