Biology Vocab Unit 3 Cell and the Cell Membrane

Hypertonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Hypotonic

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Chloroplast

Photosynthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

plasma membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Vesicle

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

Concentration Gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

Aquaporin

water channel protein in a cell

Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

selectively permeable

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

facilitated diffusion

the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Phagocytosis

"Cell eating"; an endocytic pathway by which a cell engulfs particles such as microbes or cellular debris.

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking