greece

Minoans:

  • Zeus and Europa fall in love + have Minos
  • Zeus curses Minos bc he sacrificed 2nd place bull instead of best one
  • Minos’s wife falls in love with a bull and they have Minotaur, half-man half-bull (curse)
  • Minotaur eats kids so Minoans place a tax on Athens for trade: 7 boys and 7 girls for bull in order to keep trading

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  • King Aegeus loses son Theseus but finds him
  • Theseus learns about child tax and offers himself so he can save the kids

Myceneans:

  • Troy (Trojan war)
  • Spartan king Menelaus loses wife Helen to trojan prince Paris which starts Trojan war resulting in downfall of Troy
  • Mycenaean King= Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus who helps him fight Troy
  • Myrmidons- Achilles’s army against Troy
  • Odysseus King of Ithaca who recruits Achilles
  • King Priam of Troy children: Hector (fighter), Cassandra (cursed to know future but no one believes), Paris (cursed to cause downfall of Troy)
  • Paris and golden apple: chooses Aphrodite as most beautiful and she offers him most beautiful for his wife
  • Achilles’s downfall: heel bc only place not immortal

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Dark Ages: Dorian invaders, 400 yrs of chaos

\ Classical Greece

  • olympics start in 776
  • polis= greek city-state w/ indiv. govt.
  • sparta   * devoted to military; kids trained from young age   * slept in barracks from 6-60   * less devotion to gods, lived under powerful king   * only ppl born to Spartan parents = citizens   * treated all citizens equally (women)
  • athens   * hegemon- most powerful city-state   * center of culture and education     * philosophy, art (Parthenon)   * developed democracy     * ppl voted on laws and kept 1 person in power

\ Greek and Persian War

  • Athens angers Darius (persian king) by helping Ionian resistance
  • Sparta and Athens kill Darius’s messengers; form alliance called Delian League against Persia
  • Darius sees as act of war and sends troops to Greece to fight Battle of Marathon; greek victory; NIKE
  • Xerxes (Darius son) sends army and navy against Greeks
  • Leonidas (king of Sparta) is told he must die for Sparta to live so he takes troops to Thermopylae to give Greece time to strategize
  • Persians go to Athens + burn it but it’s already evacuated
  • Xerxes sends a navy but Themistocles thinks of battering rams on ships and Greeks win war

\ Peloponnesian War

  • Pericles works to rebuild Athens art, philosophy, theater, Parthenon using money from Delian league, taxing Sparta in exchange for safety
  • Sparta rebels and forms Peloponnesian League against Athens
  • Sparta wins

\ Macedon

  • King Philip and Olympia have Alexander
  • Olympia kills Philip so Alex can be king
  • Alex taught by Aristotle
  • conq’s everything making biggest empire by 33
  • Hellenized (makes Greek) everything

\ Contributors of Greece

  • Socrates- questions everything
  • Plato- higher form than us
  • Aristotle- invented logic
  • Sophocles- Oedipus (kill dad and marry mom)
  • Euripides- Medea (helps husband Jason but he betrays her so she kills king, future wife, and own kids)
  • Aristophanes-Lysistrata (women want to stop war, go on sex strike, fail a lot, tells them to keep strong)

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