1.1 introducing psychology (copy)

Structuralism

Its ideas came from William Wundt, but was taken further by Edward Tichener. It is to study the mind by trying to see what it is made of.

Functionalism

This was founded by William James. This is an attempt to study what the mind does.

Psychodynamic approach

This was developed by Sigmund Freud. This tells you that a psychologist needs to figure you out, since you are unconscious, or numb, of your true self. It relies on the minds' "unconscious."

Behavioral approach

Was founded accidentally by Ivan Pavlov, and has two "versions". This would overall look at things that can be measured, counted, and recorded, which are reflexes and behaviors.

Classical conditioning

(is under behavioral approach) If a reflex can be associated with any event (or stimulus), then any reflex can be associated with anything, even things that are not usually scary. This can be an approach to figuring out unusual or out of the ordinary phobias.

Operant conditioning

(is under behavioral approach) Was founded by B.F. Skinner, and focuses on how every action someone makes as a reward and a punishment.

Cognitive approach

This focuses on peoples' thoughts. Thoughts are difficult to study but thoughts are what make people themselves.

Biological approach

This focuses on how the mind is what the brain, and what the whole body, does, since our thoughts and feelings are connected to all of our bodily systems.

Humanistic approach

This is a very optimistic approach, where instead of focusing on the problems and the negative sides of the brain, it thinks about the potential the brain can have and thinks about the positive sides.

Sociocultural approach

This expresses that people form opinions on things because of their culture and other influences around us. These influences make us ourselves and shape us to be who we are.