geo

geo lijst van kelleher

Inner core

The solid centre of the earth.

Outer core

The liquid layer around the inner core.

Mantle

The layer around the core. The thickest of the four layers.

Crust

The outer layer of the earth. The thinnest of the four layers.

Tectonic plates

Pieces of crust and upper mantle.

Ring of Fire

Area around the Pacific Plate where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

Plate tectonics

Movement of tectonic plates.

Plate boundaries

Place where two tectonic plates meet.

Oceanic plate

Tectonic plate underneath an ocean.

Continental plate

Tectonic plate that makes up the continents.

Pangea

An ancient supercontinent.

Divergent plate boundary

Two tectonic plates which move apart (← →).

Magma

Underground lava.

Oceanic ridge

Underwater mountains formed by a divergent plate boundary.

Convergent plate boundary

Two tectonic plates which move toward each other (→ ←).

Collision zone

A convergent boundary between two continental plates.

Fold mountains

Large mountains formed by the collision between two continental plates.

Subduction

Process where the oceanic plate dives under the continental plate.

Trench

Deep and narrow gap on the ocean floor. Formed by the subduction process.

Transform plate boundary

Where two tectonic plates slide alongside each other (↑ ↓).

Endogenous force

Force from within the earth, such as plate tectonics.

Convection currents

Currents that rise up due to the heat in the inner core of the earth. Process which moves the tectonic plates.

Earthquake

Shockwaves which are observed after the earth's crust moves.

Seismograph

Device which registers the movement of the Earth's surface.

Richter scale

Scale to measure an earthquake's magnitude.

Magnitude

Size of the earthquake.

Epicentre

Central point of the earthquake on the earth's surface.

Hypocentre/Focus

Location of the earthquake inside the earth.

Aftershocks

Tremors or shocks that follow the main earthquake.

Tsunami

A wave that can form if an earthquake occurred underneath an ocean.

Fault line

A fracture in a tectonic plate.

Socio-economic factors

A combination of social and economic factors. Factors that have to do with both society and money.

Hazard management

The combination of measures to make populations less vulnerable to hazard events.

Infrastructure

Roads, bridges and communication networks.

Structural aid

Help that is provided over a longer period of time, to help with the rebuilding of society.

Volcano

A mountain or hill with a crater or vent through which lava, rocks and gasses have been erupted.

Eruption

When magma exits the volcano and changes into lava.

Composite volcano

A volcano that looks like a steep mountain, found in subduction zones.

Shield volcano

A volcano that looks like a rolling hill, found at a divergent plate boundary.

Magma chamber

A pool underneath the volcano, inside the earth's crust, where magma is stored.

Main vent

Central channel through the volcano.

Crater

A large hole at the top of the volcano.

Side vents

Smaller holes at the side of the volcano.

Volcanic bombs

Large pieces of volcanic rock.

Pyroclastic flow

A combination of gasses, ash, rock and hot steam.

Hot spot

Area in the mantle that is extra hot, causing volcanos to erupt away from the plate boundaries.

Active volcanoes

Volcanos that are erupting or have erupted recently.