Chapter 12

how many layers to process emotion are there

3

layer 1

innate, genetic, evolutionary processes

layer 2

learning processes

layer 3

metacognition

metacognition

thinking about your own thoughts

where are the systems brainmind located

under cortex

depression as system

overactive GRIEF/PANIC system and under active SEEKING system

advances in depression treatment

inc positive affect systems, complimentary to traditional therapy

substance p

pain perception, stress, and inflammation

oxytocin

bonding

opioids

natural painkillers produced endogenously and reward system

GABA

inhibitory, calming, alc, barbs, and benzos act on these receptors

RAGE system

anger and aggression in response to frustration and threats

RAGE structures

amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey

RAGE promote neurochemicals

substance p and glutamate

RAGE inhibit neurochemicals

opioids and GABA

SEEK system

goal behavior; anticipation, motivation

SEEK structures

ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle

SEEK neurochemicals

dopamine, oxytocin, substance p

FEAR system

threats, avoidance, or escape

FEAR structures

amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray

FEAR neurochemcials

corticotropin-releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, GABA, opioids

LUST system

sexual behavior and reproduction

LUST structures

preoptic hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area

LUST neurochemical

testosterone, estrogen, dopamine, oxytocin

GRIEF/PANIC system

social loss, sadness, separation distress

GRIEF/PANIC structures

dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), periaqueductal gray

GRIEF/PANIC promote neurochemcials

CRF and glutamate

GRIEF/PANIC inhibit neurochemcials

opioids and oxytocin

PLAY system

social play, learning norms, and joy

PLAY structures

lateral hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, somatosensory area

PLAY promote neurochemicals

opioids and dopamine

PLAY inhibit neurochemcials

GABA