DRRR Module 6 Volcanic Hazard

GROUND DEFORMATION

Measure minute changes in slope,
distance, or elevation at the ground
surfac

Electronic Distance Meter (EDM)

measure accurately millimeter
changes on ground

Global Positioning System (GPS)

installed
around the volcano

GEOCHEMISTRY

Direct measurement of temperature
and chemistry ground water, spring
water or lakes using a thermometer
/thermocouple, pH meter

Seismometer

is the equipment
used to detect occurrence of
volcanic earthquakes

Pinatubo Lahar Hazard Maps

reflect the effects
of the 1991 eruption deposits of Pinatubo Volcano
on its surrounding areas

Alert Level

Represents the overall condition of the volcano

Alert Levels 1 to 5 corresponding to increasing severity of unrest

LOW LEVEL UNREST

No eruption imminrnt

MODERATE UNREST

Could eventually lead to eruption

RELATIVELY HIGH UNREST

Eruption is possible in weeks

INTENSE UNREST

Hazardous eruption is possbile within days

HAZARDOUS ERUPTION ONGOING

Pyroclastic flows may sweep down along the gullies and channels.

Monitoring Criteria

Parameters from instrumental,
visual and other sensory
observations of the volcano

Interpretation

Explains the probable processes taking
place within the volcano

Recommendations

Response measures that must be
followed by the public and
implemented by local and national government units

Step-Down Criteria

Conditions that need to be met before
the Alert Level is brought down to the
next level