Exam 4

Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction and control of blood pressure?

a. tunica interna

b. tunica media

c. tunica external

d. tunica albuginea

b. tunica media

Which is NOT a branch of the Aortic Arch?

a. brachiocephalic trunk

b. left subclavian a.

c. right common carotid a.

d. left common carotid a.

c. right common carotid a.

Radial and Ulnar veins drain into which named vessel?

a. pulmonary trunk

b. superior vena cava

c. brachial v.

d. azygous v.

c. brachial v.

Which named branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the left colic area?

a. celiac trunk

b. superior mesenteric a.

c. inferior mesenteric a.

d. median sacral a.

c. inferior mesenteric a.

Continuation of the femoral artery:

a. anterior tibial a.

b. posterior tibial a.

c. peroneal a.

d. popliteal a.

d. popliteal a.

Name the vessel that “drains” the kidney.

a. renal a.

b. renal v.

c. suprarenal v.

d. superior mesenteric v.

b. renal v.

Which vessel DOES NOT drain into the Superior Vena Cava?

a. common iliac v.

b. right brachiocephalic v.

c. left brachiocephalic v.

d. azygous v.

d. azygous v.

Which vessel is the usual site for venipuncture blood draws?

a. median cubital v.

b. brachial v.

c. ulnar v.

d. radial a.

a. median cubital v.

This superficial vessel runs the entire medial aspect of both lower extremities (upper and lower legs):

a. small saphenous v.

b. great saphenous v.

c. anterior tibial v.

d. posterior tibial v.

b. great saphenous v.

Which of the following pathological conditions would result in Respiratory Acidosis (due to the inability to “blow-off” CO2)?

a. hyperventilation due to stress

b. hypoventilation due to COPD

c. pneumonia due to infection

d. none of these

b. hypoventilation due to COPD

Ketoacidosis could be a result of chronic and uncontrolled:

a. excretion of H+ ion

b. diabetes mellitus

c. chronic bronchitus

d. diarrhea

c. chronic bronchitus

Which vessel is NOT a branch of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)?

a. anterior cerebral a.

b. posterior cerebral a.

c. external carotid a.

d. internal carotid s.

c. external carotid a.

Which is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

a. gas exchange

b. regulation of blood pH

c. regulation of body temperature

d. voice production

c. regulation of body temperature

Which structure is anatomically located POSTERIOR to the trachea?

a. the esophagus

b. thyroid cartilage

c. both main bronchi

d. the carina

a. the esophagus

Which structure is NOT located in the Conduction (air movement) Zone of the lungs?

a. alveoli

b. primary bronchi

c. secondary (lobar) bronchi

d. terminal bronchioles

a. alveoli

A consequence of Pneumothorax:

a. pneumonia

b. COPD

c. atelectasis

d. asthma

c. atelectasis

In the event of atelectasis of the left lungs, what is the clinical occurrence of the contralateral lung?

a. it is hyperventilated

b. it collapses

c. it attracts bacteria

d. it remains inflated

d. it remains inflated

What factor DOES NOT have any impact on peripheral resistance of blood that could have an effect in blood pressure?

a. they type of WBC

b. blood viscosity

c. total blood vessel length

d. blood vessel diameter

a. they type of WBC

Which segment of the systemic circulation has the LOWEST blood pressure?

a. aorta

b. arterioles

c. capillaries

d. Superior vena cava

d. Superior vena cava

What respiratory situation would result in an increase in blood pH?

a. hypoventilation

b. apnea

c. dyspnea

d. hyperventilation

d. hyperventilation

When CO2 levels in the blood increase, the:

a. condition is called hypocapnia

b. number of hydrogen ions in the blood decreases

c. blood becomes more acidic

d. pH of the blood increases

c. blood becomes more acidic

What could be an etiology of Pneumothorax?

a. increased intrapleural pressure

b. gunshot or knife wound to the chest

c. unexplained bronchitis

d. chronic hypertension

b. gunshot or knife wound to the chest

The spleen is supplied by this largest branch of the following vessel:

a. celiac trunk

b. common hepatic a.

c. left gastro-omental a.

d. left gastric a.

a. celiac trunk

A greater than normal amount of CO2 in the blood is called ___.

a .hypoxia

b. hypodioxemia

c. hypercapnia

d. venous congestion

c. hypercapnia

Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation.

1. alveolar ducts

2. alveolus

3. respiratory bronchiole

4. terminal bronchiole

a. 4, 3, 1, 2

b. 3, 2, 1, 4

c. 4, 3, 2, 1

d. 2, 1, 3, 4

a. 4, 3, 1, 2

Which vessel is NOT a direct branch of the Abdominal Aorta?

a. splenic a.

b. inferior mesenteric a.

c. right renal a.

d. suprerenal (adrenal) a.

b. inferior mesenteric a.

Which DOES NOT have an impact on Cardiac Output?

a. venous return

b. stroke volume

c. heart rate

d. sleep

d. sleep

Which of the following factors DOES NOT assist in the return of venous blood to the heart (venous return)?

a. arterial vasoconstriction

b. venous valves

c. venous compression by calf muscles

d. gravity

a. arterial vasoconstriction

Baroreceptors located in the Carotid Sinus will detect a sudden, unexplained drop in:

a. venous return

b. Na+ blood concentration

c. blood pressure

d. blood pH

c. blood pressure

The Internal and External Carotid aa. are a continuation of which vessel (s)?

a. subclavian a.

b. common carotid a.

c. circle of Willis

d. anterior and posterior cerebral aa.

b. common carotid a.

Where is systemic blood pressure the highest?

a. aorta

b. brachial a.

c. bronchioles

d. superior vena cava

a. aorta

In a capillary bed, closure of precapillary sphincters shunts blood directly from an arteriole to a venule. This shunting of blood is known as a/an:

a. anastomosis

b. throughfare channel

c. portal system

d. collateral blood blow

b. throughfare channel

What is a suitable definition for Atherosclerosis in its effect on blood vessels?

a. deposition of plaques in arterial walls

b. inflammation of veins

c. stretching of arterial walls

d. hypertrophy of the tunica intima

a. deposition of plaques in arterial walls

Which of the following vessels drain blood from sinuses deep in the brain?

a. inferior vena cava

b. axillary v.

c. femoral v.

d. internal jugular v.

d. internal jugular v.

Regarding the Hepatic Portal System, “nutrient-rich” blood from the intestines enters the liver for processing via this vessel:

a. hepatic portal v.

b. hepatic veins

c. common hepatic a.

d. inferior mesenteric v.

a. hepatic portal v.

Which of the following conditions could increase resistance to blood flow, and potentially cause hypertension?

a. a decrease in blood viscosity

b. a decrease in the number of red blood cells

c. a decrease in hematocrit

d. an increase in the length of a blood vessel

d. an increase in the length of a blood vessel

Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood?

a. the arteries

b. the capillaries

c. the Aorta

d. the veins

d. the veins

Which vessel drains directly into the Axillary vein?

a. axillary a.

b. brachial v.

c. ulnar v.

d. radial v.

b. brachial v.

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood:

a. in the form of bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

b. bound to Hemoglobin

c. dissolved in the plasma

d. as Hydrogen ion

a. in the form of bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

A decrease in blood pH could render blood:

a. acidosis

b. alkalosis

c. neutral

d. void of oxygen

a. acidosis

What vessel is the continuation of the Anterior Tibial a.

a. popliteal a.

b. posterior tibial a.

c. plantar a.

d. dorsalis pedis a.

d. dorsalis pedis a.

The largest is size of laryngeal cartilages is the:

a. corniculate cartilage

b. cuneiform cartilage

c. thyroid cartilage

d. true vocal folds

c. thyroid cartilage

During swallowing, this structure prevents food from entering the glottis (trachea).

a. epiglottis

b. cricoid cartilage

d. arytenoid cartilage

d. thyroid cartilage

a. epiglottis

The respiratory zone of the bronchial tree includes which of the following:

a. tertiary bronchi

b. alveoli

c. larynx

d. trachea

b. alveoli

All are unpaired vessels that branch directly off of the abdominal aorta, EXCEPT:

a. celiac trunk

b. common hepatic a.

c. superior mesenteric a.

d. inferior mesenteric a.

b. common hepatic a.

Secondary bronchi that serve each lobe of the lungs is also termed:

a. bronchioles

b. primary bronchi

c. tertiary bronchi

d. lobar bronchi

d. lobar bronchi

Relating to Boyle’s law, what effect would an increase in pressure have on thoracic (lung) volume?

a. lung volume would increase

b. lung volume would decrease

c. no effect on lung volume

d. pressure has no effect on lung volume

b. lung volume would decrease

Oxygenated blood is carried to the tissues of the lungs via these branches of the Thoracic aorta:

a. pulmonary veins

b. pleural aa.

c. bronchial aa.

d. pulmonary aa.

c. bronchial aa.

The dorsalis pedis vein drains into what blood vessel?

a. dorsalis pedis a.

b. posterior tibial v.

c. peroneal v.

d. anterior tibial v.

d. anterior tibial v.

Within the lung Bronchial Tree, terminal bronchioles branch into:

a. lobar bronchi

b. alveolar sacs

c. respiratory bronchioles

d. segmental bronchi

c. respiratory bronchioles

What is the role of Pulmonary Surfactant?

a. to increase surface area of the alveoli

b. to aid with the active transport of ATP

c. to decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli

d. to lower the pH of blood in the lungs

c. to decrease alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli

Which of the following is part of the Upper Respiratory Tract?

a. lungs

b. bronchi

c. pharynx

d. trachea

c. pharynx

The volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath is the:

a. residual volume

b. tidal volume

c. inspiratory reserve volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

b. tidal volume

Air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration, keeps alveoli inflated:

a. residual volume

b. tidal volume

c. inspiratory reserve volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

a. residual volume

Regarding the Hepatic Portal System, what vessel(s) carry processed blood away from the liver?

a. splenic v.

b. hepatic portal v.

c. inferior mesenteric v.

d. hepatic veins

d. hepatic veins

The Azygous vein drains into which vessel?

a. superior vena cava

b. inferior vena cava

c. right subcostal v.

d. left subclavian v.

a. superior vena cava

Most oxygen is transported in the blood:

a. in the form of Carbon Monoxide

b. dissolved in the plasma

c. bound to albumin

d. bound to Hemoglobin

d. bound to Hemoglobin

Which named artery would you find traveling posterior to the knee joint?

a. femoral a.

b. deep femoral a.

c. internal iliac a.

d. popliteal a.

d. popliteal a.

Continuation of the Subclavian artery:

a. brachial a.

b. subclavian a.

c. axillary a.

d. ulnar a.

c. axillary a.

Sudden hypercapnia, followed by hypoxia is first detected by chemoreceptors located in the:

a. carotid bodies

b. brainstem

c. sympathetic ganglia

d. SA node

a. carotid bodies